AP Psych - Unit 5 Learning

Which of the following best defines learning?

A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience

Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, is best known for his theory of:

classical conditioning

 In Pavlov’s experiment with dogs, the dog's SALIVATION represents which of the following?

unconditioned response

What happens when, you pair a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus several times?

Acquisition

A rat is trained to press a bar to receive a food pellet. The experimenter decides to extinguish this and the rat stops pressing the bar.  The rat is removed from the box and brought back the next day, He starts pressing the bar again. This is known as:

Spontaneous recovery

Mary has several brothers and sisters that have names that sound like hers.  Once her mother called her brothers name, "Larry" and she came down the steps to ask her mom what she wanted. This would be know as:

stimulus generalization

You say the word “can” and then squirt a student with water. After several pairings of the word and the squirt of water, when the teacher says  the word “can" the student turns away without the squirt of water. The word “can” is considered the _______________ and the squirt of water is the ________.

Conditioned stimulus….unconditioned stimulus

During extinction, the ___________ is no longer presented after the CS; as a result, the ____________ disappears.

US; CR

When Suzy was a little girl she would play with spiders from the wood pile.  One day while she was playing with them, her mother came up behind her and frightened her by screaming "Spider! Get away!". From that day forward, Suzy was scared of spiders.  This is an example of the development of:

phobia

Which of the following best describes higher order classical conditioning?

initially the dog salivates to a bell, then they present a flash of light before the bell, now the dog salivates to the flash of light

"rewarded behavior is more likely to happen again" best describes which of the following?

Edward Thorndike’s law of effect:

Operant conditioning was first researched by American psychologist:

B.F. Skinner

A boy is working in the field with his father.  The father will take random breaks to give the boy some time to go to the bathroom or to have a cookie.  The boy works continuously not knowing when the breaks will come.  This reward system follows a:

variable interval

A rat always completes a maze successfully but is only rewarded every third trial. The rat is being rewarded using which of the following reinforcement schedules?

Fixed ratio

Responses extinguish fastest when they are learned through which type of reinforcement schedule?

Continuous reinforcement

The technique of strengthening behavior by reinforcing successive approximations is called

shaping

The principles of operant conditioning are best demonstrated through:

a token economy to reinforce adaptive behaviors

From your reading, in classical conditioning experiments by Robert Rescorla and Allan Wagner demonstrate that an important factor in conditioning is:

The predictability of an association.

When Bram exhibits inappropriate behavior, his parents use time‑outs, during which he has to sit at a plain desk without toys. This approach to decreasing inappropriate behavior utilizes the concept of

negative punishment

The use of tokens in token economies is an example of which of the following types of reinforcement?

Secondary

 A mental image of a spatial layout is called:

a cognitive map

What part of the brain is primarily responsible for memory?

Tony Stark has difficulty solving a physics problem in class. The next day, he suddenly thinks of a solution to the problem as he is watching a friend play the guitar. The thought process that Stark experienced is an example of:

insight learning

Which of the following statements best describes the role of biological processes in classical conditioning?

Certain species are biologically predisposed to learn particular associations that enhance their survival.

Mrs. Puff ate a burger at the Chum Bucket instead of the Krusty Krab.  She was up most of the night feeling sick. Her dislike for eating at the Chum Bucket can best be explained by:

the Garcia Effect

Raccoons can be trained to use one coin to get food, but two coins make them return to their washing behavior.  This is called:

instinctive drift

The terms "modeling" and "imitation" are most closely associated with which of the following?

Albert Bandura and Social learning theory

What aspect of the brain explains why humans mimic other humans at a young age?

mirror neurons

Dan decides not to ask Suzy out on a date because he does not feel that she will say yes.  This feeling that he will not achieve his goal is called:

Low self-efficacy

What would best describe the January 6th insurrection at the Capitol in Washington DC last year?

Antisocial behavior

Addie decided to take introductory psychology because she has always been interested in human behavior. Kaden enrolled in the same course because his father told him to take the class. Addie’s behavior was motivated by__________, Kaden’s by ________________.

Intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation.

Sonja seems to give up and do very little with her life because of the fact that she believes that fate will determine what happens to her. What does this belief explain?

Her fate is determined through an external locus of control

When people have a tendency to allow other people’s behaviors, attitudes and actions influence their own, it is referred to as:

Emotional contagion

Although you have never been there, you remember seeing the room where the school psychologist meets students from your trip on 8th grade orientation and now as a senior you an find your way to her room.

using a cognitive map

Helping a little old lady across the street is an example of:

prosocial behavior