Review of Personality Disorders

A comprehensive set of flashcards focused on understanding various Personality Disorders, their traits, diagnostic criteria, treatment options, and key concepts.

What are the three clusters of Personality Disorders according to the DSM-5?

Cluster A (odd/eccentric), Cluster B (dramatic/emotional/erratic), Cluster C (fearful/anxious).

What characterizes Antisocial Personality Disorder?

A pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others.

What defines Borderline Personality Disorder?

A pattern of instability in self-image, interpersonal relationships, and affect, along with marked impulsivity.

What is Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)?

A pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control.

What is the core belief of someone with Narcissistic Personality Disorder?

They believe they are special and others should recognize how special they are.

What does Avoidant Personality Disorder (APD) entail?

A pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.

Define Dependent Personality Disorder.

A pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of.

What are the main features of Paranoid Personality Disorder?

Pervasive suspicion of others' motives and behaviors, mistrust, and often bears grudges.

What mnemonic can help remember characteristics of Histrionic Personality Disorder?

PRAMES: Provocative behavior, Relationships are intimate, Attention-seeking, Easily influenced, Speech lacks detail, Emotional lability.

What is the self-view of individuals with Schizoid Personality Disorder?

They perceive themselves as different and empty.

Which cluster includes personality disorders characterized by erratic behavior?

Cluster B.

What treatments are commonly used for Borderline Personality Disorder?

Psychotherapy (DBT primarily), SSRIs, and other medication for symptom relief.

What is the common age for the onset of Personality Disorders?

They are thought to begin in childhood.

Which Personality Disorder is characterized by excessive emotionality and attention seeking?

Histrionic Personality Disorder.

What is a key symptom of Narcissistic Personality Disorder?

A need for excessive admiration.

What is a potential consequence of under-diagnosing Personality Disorders?

Increased suicide risk.

What defines Schizotypal Personality Disorder?

Acute discomfort in close relationships, along with cognitive or perceptual distortions.

What symptoms are typically necessary for a Personality Disorder diagnosis?

3-5 symptoms from a set that meets general diagnostic criteria.

What does the DSM-V require for a Personality Disorder diagnosis to be considered clinically significant?

Must cause distress or impairment in functioning.

What is a treatment approach for Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Early intervention, parent training, and skills training.

What does the self-view of someone with Avoidant Personality Disorder typically include?

They view themselves as socially inept and inferior.

Which Personality Disorder may have features of Borderline Personality Disorder?

Schizotypal Personality Disorder.

What is the primary emotional symptom of Dependent Personality Disorder?

Anxiety around abandonment.

What cognitive feature is associated with Schizotypal Personality Disorder?

Magical thinking.

What often exacerbates the experiences of individuals with Histrionic Personality Disorder?

Being ignored or forgotten.

What is a central belief in Dependent Personality Disorder?

I am helpless and need others for support.

What childhood factor may predispose someone to Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Childhood maltreatment or trauma.

What personality characteristic is associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder?

A preoccupation with control and orderliness.

What is often observed in the interpersonal relationships of individuals with Paranoid Personality Disorder?

Impaired interpersonal functioning due to distrust.

Which cluster of Personality Disorders includes Avoidant and Dependent Personality Disorders?

Cluster C.

What is a common misconception about individuals with Schizoid Personality Disorder?

They may be seen as aloof or uninterested when they actually desire space.

What does the term 'co-morbidity' refer to in the context of Personality Disorders?

The presence of two or more disorders occurring in the same individual.

Which personality disorder is explained by a biosocial theory that includes biological dysfunction and invalidating environments?

Borderline Personality Disorder.

What is a common emotional affect of someone with Antisocial Personality Disorder when blocked from their goals?

Irritability and anger.

How might treatment differ for individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder and similar diagnoses?

Focus on interpersonal effectiveness, emotional regulation, and distress tolerance.

What mnemonic helps remember the signs of Schizotypal Personality Disorder?

MEPECULIA: Magical thinking, Eccentric behavior, Paranoid ideation, Experiences unusual perceptions, Constricted affect, Unusual thinking, Lacks friends, Ideas of reference, Anxiety.

Which Personality Disorder includes traits like impulsivity and unstable relationships?

Borderline Personality Disorder.

What is the strategy often used by individuals with Narcissistic Personality Disorder to cope with feelings of inadequacy?

They demand special treatment and resent others.

What emotional states are often experienced by individuals with Avoidant Personality Disorder?

Anxiety and sadness.

What is essential for the diagnosis of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder?

A significant preoccupation with orderliness and perfectionism.

What underpins the treatment approaches for Personality Disorders?

Understanding underlying cognitive and emotional patterns.

What is antisocial personality disorder?

Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of others, lack of empathy, and violation of societal norms and laws, often leading to criminal behavior.

What is borderline personality disorder?

Borderline personality disorder is marked by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, along with impulsive behaviors and intense episodes of anger, depression, and anxiety.

What is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency.

What is narcissistic personality disorder?

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and a lack of empathy. Individuals may have an inflated self-image and arrogance.

What is avoidant personality disorder?

Avoidant personality disorder is characterized by a severe fear of rejection and feelings of inadequacy. Individuals with this disorder often avoid social interactions due to fears of being judged or embarrassed.

What is dependent personality disorder?

Dependent personality disorder is marked by a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behaviors. This often results in difficulties making decisions and a fear of separation.

What is paranoid personality disorder?

Paranoid personality disorder involves a pervasive distrust and suspicion of others, leading individuals to interpret their motives as malevolent. This can result in significant interpersonal issues.

What is schizoid personality disorder?

Schizoid personality disorder is characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards social withdrawal, and a limited expression of emotions in interpersonal settings.

What is schizotypal personality disorder?

Schizotypal personality disorder features acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentric behaviors, often resembling mild forms of schizophrenia.

What is a personality disorder?

A personality disorder is a type of mental health disorder characterized by persistent patterns of behavior, thinking, and functioning that deviates significantly from societal expectations, leading to distress or impairment in personal and social functioning.

What is histrionic personality disorder?

Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behaviors. Individuals with this disorder often exhibit a strong desire to be noticed and may engage in dramatic or theatrical behavior.

What is narcissistic personality disorder?

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and a lack of empathy. Individuals may have an inflated self-image and arrogance.