Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology Notes

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to reproductive anatomy and physiology.

Ovum

The female reproductive cell that can be fertilized by sperm.

Uterus

A muscular organ where a fertilized egg develops into a fetus.

Estrogen

A hormone produced by the ovaries that regulates reproductive functions and secondary sexual characteristics.

Testosterone

A hormone secreted by testes, important for male reproductive development.

Menstrual Cycle

A monthly cycle regulated by hormones, involving the preparation of the uterus for potential pregnancy.

Gynecoid pelvis

A pelvic shape considered optimal for vaginal birth due to its wide, open structure.

Teratogen

An agent that causes birth defects by affecting fetal development.

Fallopian Tubes

Tubes through which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus; fertilization occurs here.

Luteal Phase

The phase after ovulation when the corpus luteum produces hormones to prepare the endometrium for implantation.

Cervical mucus

Fluid produced by the cervix that changes in consistency during the menstrual cycle, aiding sperm movement.

Placenta

An organ that develops during pregnancy, providing nutrients, gas exchange, and waste removal for the fetus.

Amniotic fluid

The liquid surrounding the fetus in the amniotic sac, important for cushioning and temperature regulation.

Ductus arteriosus

A fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs.

HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)

A hormone produced by the placenta after implantation that supports pregnancy.

Fertilization

The union of a sperm and an ovum, resulting in the formation of a zygote.

Capacitation

The process by which sperm undergo physiological changes to penetrate the ovum.