SCI - human endocrine system

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• SECRETES HORMONES THAT CONTROL THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BODY

• REGULATES ALL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE BODY

HORMONES

TRAVEL THROUGHOUT THE BODY THROUGH THE BLOODSTREAM, AND THEY ARE DIRECTED TOWARD A SPECIFIC PART OF THE BODY

50

OVER __ HORMONES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED IN HUMANS AND OTHER VERTERBRATES

PITUITARY GLAND

• LOCATED IN THE BRAIN

• CALLED THE MASTER GLAND

• CONTROLS THE FUNCTIONS OF OTHER ENDOCRINE GLANDS

• SECRETES SEVERAL HORMONES THAT AFFECT A SPECIFIC PART OF THE BODY

HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (HGH)

• PROMOTES THE RELEASE ON INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTORS

• MAINTAIN MUSCLE AND BONE GROWTH

• HELPS IN HEALING INJURIES AND REPAIR TISSUES

• PRODUCTION OF PROTEINS IN THE BODY

THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)

• PRODUCING AND SECRETING THE THYROID HORMONES BY THE THYROID GLAND

• PRODUCES HORMONES THAT REGULATE THE BODY'S METABOLIC RATE, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)

• TARGETS THE OVARIES BY INITIATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOLLICLES IN THE OVARY, WHICH HAPPENS MONTHLY

• OVARY AND TESTES

LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)

• INITIATES OVULATION

• CONTROLS THE SECRETION OF PROGESTERONE (FEMALE SEX HORMONES)

PROLACTIN

• AFFECTS MAMMARY GLANDS

• BY INITIATING AND MAINTAINING THE PRODUCTION OF MILK ESPECIALLY DURING PREGNANCY

ADRENOCORTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)

• RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PRODUCTION AND SECRETION OF GLUCOCORTICODS, THE HORMONES RELEASE BY THE ADRENAL GLAND

OXYTOCIN

• ACTIVATED DURING AND AFTER GIVING BIRTH

• TARGETS THE UTERUS TO CAUSE IT TO CONTRACT DURING GIVING BIRTH

• ALSO CONTROLS MILK SECRETION IN THE BREASTS AFTER GIVING BIRTH

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

• CAUSES KIDNEYS TO DECREASE URINE PRODUCTION

• HELPS IN CONSERVING MORE BODY WATER/VASOPRESSIN

MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE (MSH)

• REGULATES MELANIN PRODUCTION

• IN THE SKIN

HYPOTHALAMUS

• GLAND THAT CONTROLS THE FUNCTION OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

• LOCATED IN THE BRAIN

• AFFECT THE RELEASE OF SOME HORMONES RELEASED BY THE PITUITARY GLAND

THYROTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (TRH)

CONTROLS THE SECRETION OF THE THYROIDSTIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)

GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (GNRH)

STIMULATES THE PRODUCTION OF FOLLICLESTIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)

CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE

INITIATES THE SECRETION OF THE ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)

THYROID GLAND

• LOCATED BELOW THE LARYNX (VOICE BOX)

• BUTTERFLY-SHAPED GLAND THAT IS COMPOSED OF THE RIGHT AND LEFT LOBES

THYROXINE (T4) AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3)

• THYROID HORMONES

• RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, REGULATION OF OXYGEN USE, METABOLISM, AND GROWTH

• REPSPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BODY

CALCITONIN

RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING THE CALCIUM LEVEL IN THE BODY

PARATHYROID GLAND

FOUND IN THE POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE THYROID GLAND

PARATHYROID HORMONE

• HORMONE SECRETED BY THE PARATHYROID GLANDS

• MAJOR REGULATOR OF THE CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND PHOSPHATE LEVELS IN THE BLOOD

PANCREAS

• LOCATED IN THE DUODENUM OF THE SMALL INTESTINES

• SECRETES THE HORMONES INSULIN AND GLUCAGON, WHICH ARE RESPONSIBLE IN REGULATING THE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL

INSULIN

HELPS IN LOWERING THE AMOUNT OF GLUCOSE IN THE BLOOD WHEN IT IS TOO HIGH

GLUCAGON

HELPS IN INCREASING THE LEVEL OF GLUCOSE IN THE BLOOD WHEN IT IS TOO LOW

ADRENAL GLANDS

• MEANS “ABOVE KIDNEY”

• LOCATED ON TOP OF EACH KIDNEY

• DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS: THE ADRENAL CORTEX AND THE ADRENAL MEDULLA

MINERALOCORTICOIDS

MAINTAIN THE BALANCE OF MINERALS IN THE BODY SUCH AS SODIUM AND POTASSIUM

GLUCOCORTICOIDS

• BREAK DOWN PROTEINS AND TRIGLYCERIDS NEEDE IN THE BODY. HELP IN THE FORMATION OF GLUCOSE

• HAVE AN INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS

• CAUSE SUPPRESSION OF IMMUNE RESPONSES

ANDROGENS

• SECRETED BY BOTH MALES AND FEMALES

• IMPORTANT HORMONE ESPECIALLY FOR FEMALES BECAUSE THESE ARE CONVERTED INTO ESTROGEN

ADRENAL MEDULLA

• SECRETES EPINEPHRINE (ADRENALINE) AND NOREPINEPHRINE (NORADRENALINE) WHICH ARE RELEASED DURING STRENOUS ACTIVITIES, SUCH AS EXERCISE

• CONTROLS THE HEART RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE, BLOOD LEVEL, AND BREATHING RATE

ADRENALINE

• PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE BODY’S COPING MECHANISM AGAINST SHORT-TERM PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL STRESS

• PART OF BODY’S EMERGENCY TEAM

GONADS

• PRODUCE SEX CELLS OR GAMETES

• OVARIES FOR FEMALES AND TESTES FOR MALES

ESTROGEN

RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FEMALE SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS AND MAINTAINING THE FEMALE BODY SHAPE

PROGESTERONE

HELPS IN PREGNANCY, LACTATION, AND MENTRUAL CYCLE

TESTOSTERONE

HELPS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SPERM AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALE SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS

THYMUS

• RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEFENSE SYSTEM OF OUR BODY

• FOUND BEHIND THE BREASTBONE

MELATONIN

REGULATES THE SLEEP CYCLE

THYMOSINE

• ACTS AS AN ANTIBODY

• STIMULATES THE PRODUCTION OF T CELLS