Systems Path II Exam 2 - Ovaries

serous filled cysts which range from 1 (MC) - 4 (pathologic) cm caused by Graafian or ruptured follicles

ovarian cysts

larger ovarian cysts have risk for __________

rupture

signs/symptoms of ovarian cysts

bleeding, pelvic mass, pain, acute abdomen

multiple cyst follicles where ovaries enlarge to 2x size

polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

who is PCOS found in?

reproductive age women

signs/symproms of PCOS

oligomenorrhea, infertility, amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism,hirsutism

what is PCOS caused by?

increased androgens, estrogen and LSH ; low FSH

both ovarian cysts and PCOS have a ________ association

familial

to be diagnosed with PCOS, you have to see 2/3 of these criteria:

-irregular, heavy or missed periods due to missed ovulation

-higher androgens

-collections of 12+ egg follicles (cysts)

5th MC cause of cancer-related death

ovarian tumors

what increases the risk for ovarian tumors?

>20 years old, nalliparity/low parity, talc powder, HRT, family history, BRCA-1 or 2

at what age are ovarian tumors MC?

50-60

what decreases the risk for ovarian tumors?

oral contraception, greater parity, prolonged breastfeeding

what type of ovarian tumor is MC and begins in the thin layer of tissue that covers the ovaries?

surface epithelial tumor

what type of ovarian tumor begins in ovarian tissue that contains hormone-producing cells?

stromal

what type of ovarian tumor begins in the egg producing cells?

germ cell tumors (teratoma)

are ovarian surface epithelial tumors usually benign or malignant?

benign

MC type of ovarian surface epithelial tumors which is large (40cm), grow fast and 25% of them are bilateral

serous

serous SET are 60% benign from ages ___ to ___ and 25% malignant from ages ___ to ____

30-40 ; 45-65

what accounts for 60% of all ovarian CAs?

serous SET

95% of ovarian surface epithelial tumors have a mutated _______

TP53

what type of surface epithelial tumors are MC malignant and 30% bilateral?

endometrioid

what are endometrioid tumors associated with?

endometrial CA and endometriosis

surface epithelial tumors may be cystic or solid. if they are solid, they have an increased risk for what?

cancer

tumor of any tissue type in ovaries which accounts for 20% of ovarian tumors and is symptomatic when advanced

ovarian teratomas

when are ovarian teratomas MC?

before 25 (but can occur at any age)

are ovarian teratomas mostly benign or malignant?

benign (95%)

if you get ovarian teratomas when you're younger, it increases your risk for what?

cancer

what is common finding of ovarian teratoma?

calcification

cancer of the GI tract that has spread to the ovaries, is rare, mets to lymphatics, and are 80% bilateral

krukenberg tumor

hallmark of a krukenberg tumor

mucin-filled signet ring cells

what is the average age to get a krukenberg tumor?

45 years

signs/symptoms of a krukenberg tumor

typical ovarian CA features (frequent urination, constipation, diarrhea, n/v)

when signet-ring cells are found in an ovarian mass, what does this indicate?

krukenberg tumor

if a woman has more full-term pregnancies, is she more or less likely to develop ovarian cancer?

less