European Colonization and the American Colonies

Spanish Colonization Goals

Conquest, extract wealth, spread Christianity

Spanish Economic Activities

Sugar, tobacco, coffee; gold, silver

Spanish Relations with Native Americans

Encomienda and casta systems; They subjugated (dominated) the natives.

French Colonization Goals

Extract wealth, trade, spread Christianity

French Economic Activities

Fur and fish

French Relations with Native Americans

Intermarriage to secure trade relationships; They had alliances and good relationships with natives.

Dutch Colonization Goals

Trade

Dutch Economic Activities

Shipping, fur, finance/banking

Dutch Relations with Native Americans

Minimal interaction

English Colonization Goals

Extract wealth, new territory, religious freedom and improved living conditions

English Economic Activities

Joint-stock companies funded colonies; tobacco, timber, furs

English Relations with Native Americans

Friendly/reliant at first, but tension over land led to wars; They had a contentious (heated disagreements) relationship with natives.

Chesapeake Economic Activities

Tobacco plantations

Chesapeake System of Government

Royal charter, House of Burgesses

Chesapeake Religious and Social Makeup

Wealthy planters, indentured servants, enslaved Africans, Anglican, Catholic

New England Economic Activities

Subsistence farming, fishing, timber shipbuilding

New England System of Government

Mayflower Compact, self governance, town hall meetings

New England Religious and Social Makeup

Puritan / Congregationalist, family-oriented

Caribbean/Carolinas Economic Activities

Tobacco, sugarcane, rice, indigo

Caribbean/Carolinas System of Government

Proprietary charters

Caribbean/Carolinas Religious and Social Makeup

Anglican, landed gentry, enslaved Africans

Middle Colonies Economic Activities

Wheat, barley, corn

Middle Colonies System of Government

Proprietary charters

Middle Colonies Religious and Social Makeup

Pennsylvania founded by Quakers but religiously tolerant, diverse society, enslaved Africans.

Jamestown

A joint stock colony founded in 1607 with the initial goal of finding gold and riches.

Plymouth

A joint-stock colony founded in 1620 in current day Massachusetts by a group wanting to separate from the church.

Maryland

Established in 1634 as a religious harbor mainly for Catholics.

Rhode Island

Founded in 1636 by Roger Williams who believed in purchasing land from Natives and religious freedom.

Connecticut

Founded in 1636 by dissenters; the First Constitution was written here.

New Hampshire

Founded in 1679 as a Royal Colony directly under the king.

Carolinas

Given to 8 wealthy families and split into North and South by 1729.

New York

Originally called New Amsterdam, it was turned over to the English in 1626.

New Jersey

Established in 1664, originally part of New York, incentivized settlers with freedoms.

Pennsylvania

Established in 1681 by William Penn, a Quaker who believed in equality and religious freedom.

Delaware

Founded in 1701, granted to the Swedish and Dutch that lived in Pennsylvania.

The Headright System

A land grant program offering 50 acres of land to families who came from England.

Indentured Servitude

When a person pays for passage by working until their debt is paid.

Slavery

Workers brought from Africa against their will to work for settlers in the Americas.

Bacon's Rebellion

Nathaniel Bacon's conflict with indentured servants wanting more land.

Nathaniel Bacon

Leader of Bacon's Rebellion against Virginia's governor.

Anne Hutchinson

Puritan woman banished for challenging religious norms.

Voting Rights

Restricted to landowning men aged 21 or older.

New England Colonies

Cold climate, rocky soil, focused on trade and fishing.

Middle Colonies

Mild climate, fertile soil, known as 'breadbasket region.'

Southern Colonies

Warm climate, agricultural economy based on cash crops.

Salutary Neglect

British policy of loosely enforcing colonial laws.

Joint Stock Colony

Colony established by investors for economic gain.

Royal Colony

Colony directly controlled by the British crown.

Proprietary Colony

Colony owned by an individual or small group.

Separatists

Pilgrims wanting to completely separate from the church.

Puritans

Reformers aiming to modify the Church of England.

King Philip's War

1675 conflict between colonists and Native Americans.

Metacom

Leader of Native American alliance in King Philip's War.

Pueblo Revolt

Successful uprising against Spanish settlers by Pueblo natives.

First Great Awakening

Religious revival emphasizing personal faith and repentance.

The Enlightenment

Intellectual movement promoting reason and scientific thought.

Anglicization

Process of colonies adopting English customs and governance.

Diversity in Colonies

Presence of various ethnic and cultural groups.

Colonial Economy

Varied by region: trade, agriculture, and industry.

Indentured Servants

Laborers contracted to work for a set period.

Cash Crops

Agricultural products sold for profit, e.g., tobacco.

Heterogeneous Society

Diverse population accepting various beliefs and backgrounds.

Stratified Society

Social hierarchy with distinct class divisions.

Military Confrontations

Conflicts arising from land and resource disputes.

Trade Relations

Interactions between colonists and Native Americans focused on commerce.

Praying Towns

Puritan settlements aimed at converting Native Americans.