Cell Transport

Transport/channel proteins

Proteins that go all the way through the cell membrane and have a channel so that larger molecules and ions can pass through the cell membrane; transport materials in and out of the cell

Osmosis

The diffusion of water

Diffusion

The movement of molecules across a membrane from areas of high concentration to low concentration

Passive transport

The movement of molecules across a membrane without using energy from the cell; ex: diffusion & osmosis, facilitated diffusion. Materials move with the concentration gradient from high to low

Concentration Gradient

The difference in concentrations of solutions

Dynamic equilibrium

When the concentrations of solutions become balanced on each side of a membrane. Molecules are still moving back and forth across the membrane

Facilitated diffusion

When molecules use transport/channel proteins to diffuse across a membrane

Solutes

Substances dissolved by a solvent in a solution

Solvents

Substances that dissolve solutes in a solution

Solution

A liquid with molecules dissolved in it

Hypertonic solution

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution; water will move out of a cell that is in a hypertonic solution. The cell will shrink

Hypotonic solution

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution; water will move into a cell that is in a hypotonic solution. The cell will swell.

Isotonic solution

A solution with the same concentration of water and solutes compared to another solution. The cell will not change size.

active transport

the movement of materials across a cell membrane using energy. Molecules move against a concentration gradient from low to high

Endocytosis

moving large amounts of materials into the cell using vesicles

Exocytosis

Moving large amounts of materials out of the cell

Concentration

the amount of solutes in a solution