an act that breaks a law and causes harm to people or society in general
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Deviance
Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations/norms of a group or society
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Drinking alcohol
both crime and deviance, crime due to age (changes culturally), - deviance due to time, age, setting and activity
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Killing another person
Crime and also excusable, if in war/ self defense, is excused as a crime, changed throughout history due to old beheadings and assassinations where it was acceptable
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smoking
Crime and deviance, crime due to age, some societies frown upon it so becomes deviant, medical marijuana is legal
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Using a mobile phone while driving
always a crime, can be excused if it is a medical emergency
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Pet theft
Used to be a deviant act, but has been made a crime in recent years
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crime and deviance conclusions
nearly all crimes are deviant but not all, deviant acts can become crimes, what is considered a crime or deviant act may change over time, crime and deviance is culturally specific
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Formal social control
laws, the police, prison (negative sanctions)
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Informal social control
good socialisation, peer pressure, parental pressure, rewarding individuals with positive sanctions (good jobs, awards, exam qualifications and promotions)
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