Fossils

Carpolestes simpsoni and purgatories are examples of:

Plesiadapiforms

Plesiadapiforms traits are:

Diastema, no post-orbital bar or closure, and a long narrow snout. Most had claws

Plesiadapiforms locomotion:

Quadruped and mostly arboreal

Adapoids are similar to

Lemurs

Omomyoids are similar to

Tarsiers

Adapoids is a

True primate

Omomyoid is a

True primate

Adapoid traits:

Larger, diurnal, frugivorous and herbivorous

Omomyoid traits:

Smaller, nocturnal, insectivorous and frugivorous

Aegyptopithecus is an

Anthropoid

Apidium is a

Anthropoid

Branisella is a

Anthropoid

Anthropoid traits:

Full post orbital closure, quadruped, and arboreal

Proconsul is a

Miocene Ape

Sivapithecus is a

Miocene Ape

Dryopithecus is a

Miocene Ape

Ouranopithecus is a

Miocene Ape

Gigantopithecus is a

Miocene Ape

Early Hominin traits

Bipedal, small brains, ape-like teeth

Sahelanthropus tchadensis was a

Hominin

Orrorin tugenesis was a

Hominin

Ardipithecus kadabba was a

Hominin

Ardipithecus ramidus was a

Hominin

Sahelanthropus tchadensis nickname is

Toumai

Orrorin tugenensis nickname is

Millennium man

Ardipithecus ramidus nickname is

Ardi

Sahelanthropus tchadensis traits:

Ape-like skull and cranial capacity. May have been bipedal

Orrorin tugenensis traits:

Bipedal, with retained climbing ability

Ardipithecus kadabba traits:

Honing complex is intermediate to apes and humans.

Ardipithecus ramidus traits:

Ape-like skull, no honing complex, thin enamel. Bipedal with divergent big toe, retained climbing

Gracile Australopithecines traits:

Bipedal, small brains, large face. Large teeth relative to modern humans

Australopithecus anamensis is a

Gracile Australopithecine

Australopithecus afarensis is a

Gracile Australopithecines

Australopithecus africanus is a

Gracile Australopithecines

Australopithecus garhi is a

Gracile Australopithecines

Australopithecus sediba is a

Gracile Australopithecines

Australopithecus anamensis traits:

Ape-like skull and teeth

Australopithecus anamensis likely:

Was a transitional species between ardipithecus and later hominins

Australopithecus afarensis traits:

small diastema

Australopithecus afarensis likely:

Used stone tools

Australopithecus afarensis nickname:

Lucy

Australopithecus africanus traits:

Small Brian, large face

Australopithecus africanus likely

was a descendant of Australopithecus afarensis and an ancestor of homo

Australopithecus africanus nickname:

Tuang child or Mrs. Ples

Australopithecus garhi traits

small brain, large front and back teeth

Australopithecus garhi likely

Was a possible homo ancestor, and possibly used tools

Australopithecus sediba traits;

small brain, but changes in frontal lobe. Gracile face and teeth

Australopithecus sediba likely

Was an ancestor of homo

Robust Australopithecus traits:

Small brains, Sagittal crest, heavy chewing molars, large cheekbones and large jaws. Sexual dimorphism and bipedal

Australopithecus aethiopicus is a

Robust Australopithecines

Australopithecus robustus is a

Robust Australopithecines

Australopithecus boisei is a

Robust Australopithecines

Australopithecus aetheopicus nickname

Black skull

Australopithecus boisei nickname:

Nutcracker man

Early homo traits:

large brain, increasingly dependent on material culture

Homo habilis was an

Early homo

Homo erectus was a

Early homo

Homo floursiensis was a

Early homo

Homo habilis nickname was

Twiggy

Homo habilis traits

larger brain then Australopithecus, reduction in face and teeth size. Obligate biped with long arms

Homo erectus nickname

Turkana or Nariokotome boy

Homo erectus traits:

Large brain, brow ridge. Biped, taller than Australopiths and H.habilis

Homo floresiensis nickname is

Hobbit

Homo floresiensis traits

Cranial and dental features are homo-like. Biped with small height

Archaic human traits:

Large brains, faces and anterior faces

Homo heidelbergensis is a

Archaic human

Homo heidelbergensis traits

Large brain that is 10% less than living humans. Brow ridge. Biped, taller and powerful build

Homo naledi is a

Archaic human

Homo naledi traits

Cranial morphology similar to Homo erectus. Biped, curved phalanges and short

Neanderthal traits:

cranial capacity slightly higher than living humans. Brow ridge, occipital bun, long protruding face with a long nasal region. Biped, short, stocky build.

Homo sapiens are a

Anatomically modern human

Homo sapien traits;

Well rounded skull, noticeable chin