Scince study guide finals

where does Maritime Polar originate from

North West and East North America

Where does the Arctic air mass originate from?

North North America

Where does the continental polar air mass

Middle North America

What is a marine tropical polar originate from?

Southwest and East North America

Where is the continental tropical air mass

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South North America

Name the five air masses

Marine time polar, arctic, continental polar, marine time, tropical, continental tropical,

Condensation -

water vapor cools on particles in atmosphere

Transpiration

Water released by plants

Precipitation

When liquid or frozen water is coming down to land

Evaporation

water vapor released into the atmosphere

Water cycle

The series of natural process in which water continually moves among ocean land, and the atmosphere

list are weather variables?

Temperature, atmospheric, pressure, windspeed, and humidity and precipitation

What type of weather is associated with an anticyclone?

high pressures with dry air and warm air

Name the 3 main types of clouds

Stratus, cumulus ,cirrus ,

Stratus

clouds are flat, white, and layered.

Cumulus

clouds are fluffy and are present at 2000 to 6000 m altitude

Cirrus

clouds are wispy and are present 6000 m and above

How to clouds form

form when water droplets or ice crystals are suspended in the atmosphere.

What is a drought? 

A drought is a long period of time with little to no water/precipitation.

what is a font

A front is the boundary between two air masses.

Cold front

forms when a colder air mass moves toward a warmer air mass. Stormy weather, cooler temps

Warm front

 forms when a warmer air mass moves toward a cooler air mass.-slight rain, cloudy

Occluded front

\- forms when two cold air masses meet. -rainy weather

Stationary front

 forms when the boundary between two air masses-rainy weather

What is lake-effect snow?

When cold, below-freezing air moves over a lake's warmer waters, lake effect snow is created. This warms the air by causing some lake water to evaporate. The wet air then departs from the lake. The air releases its moisture onto the ground after cooling, where it could perhaps turn into snow.

thunderstorms

\- A small storm often accompanied by heavy precipitation and frequent thunder and lightning.

Tornado

a violent, whirling column of air that contacts the ground.

Hurricane

an intense tropical storm with winds exceeding 119 kilometers per hour

Low pressure system -

a large body of circulating air that has low pressure at it’s center and higher pressure on the outside, air moves away from the outside of the system - bad weather

High pressure -

A large body of circulating air that has high pressure at its center and lower pressure on the outside, air at the center sinks and moves toward low pressure areas, brings clear skies 

troposphere

this were humans live and weather occurs, and where weather occurs

stratosphere

protects earth from touch UV, has ozone, upper layer is warmer than lower layer because of ozone - absorbs energy and turns it to heat

mesosphere

* - middle layer, protects earth from most meteoroids

thermosphere

* outermost & deepest layer, made up of exosphere & ionosphere, molecule are far apart but still warmest - 1800 ̊C

Ionosphere

* Ions here reflect radio waves back to Earth. Where aurora borealis occurs

Exosphere

phone calls & tv pictures by communication satelitales in the exosphere

The percentages of dry air in the atmosphere

Nitrogen makes up about 78% percent of Earth’s atmosphere. Oxygen makes up about 21%percent of Earth’s atmosphere.

Barometer

Used to measure air pressure

Thermometer

Used to measure temperature

Psychrometer

Used to measure humidity

Anemometer

Used to measure wind speed

How air pressure works

As altitude increases air pressure decreases, as altitude decreases air pressure increases 

The density of cool and warm air

Cool air is more dense than warm air

What is climate?

**Climate is the long term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region**

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What three things affect climate?

Large bodies of water, altitude, and landforms

What would scientists study to determine long-term climate cycles?

scientists study natural records, such as growth rings of trees, fossilized pollen, and ocean sediments

* Which dates are the summer and winter solstice?

Summer Solstice - June 21 -22

Winter Solstice - December 21 - 22

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What causes seasons

The earth’s tilt causes seasons because when the earth rotates, the tilt only points one side of the earth, making one side winter and one side summer