Chemical Reactions - SCH3U

What is a synthesis reaction?

Two reactants, one product

General equation for a synthesis reaction?

A + B → AB, where Element1 + Element2 → Compound.

Synthesis reaction between a metal and a nonmetal produces what?

Salt

What does the reaction of a nonmetal oxide and water produce?

Main version of the oxyacid.

Metal oxide and water react to form what?

Metal hydroxide.

What is produced from a metal chloride reacting with oxygen?

Metal chlorate.

What is the product of a nonmetal oxide reacting with a metal oxide?

Salt (with polyatomic ion).

What is formed when metal oxide reacts with carbon dioxide?

Metal carbonate.

What is produced when a metal reacts with oxygen?

Metal oxide.

What happens when a compound reacts with an element that is already in the compound?

Compound + Element → Compound with element at higher oxidation state (charge).

What must be noted about oxidation numbers in synthesis reactions?

Oxidation numbers never change unless the applicable rule applies.

What are the states of matter for composition reactions?

Nonmetal oxides (g), Metal oxides (s), Salts (s), Water (l), Acid (aq), Individual elements from periodic chart.

If water is one reactant in a synthesis reaction, what could the product be?

Aqueous (aq).

List the diatomic molecules.

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2.

What are the states of matter in composition reactions?

Nonmetal oxides (g), Metal oxides (s), Salts (s), Water (l), Acid (aq), Individual elements (look at periodic table for state).

If one reactant is water in a synthesis reaction, what could the product be?

If one reactant is water, then the product could be aqueous (aq).

What is a decomposition reaction?

A decomposition reaction occurs when a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or simpler compounds.

General equation for a decomposition reaction?

AB → A + B, where Compound → Element1 + Element2.

What rules apply to decomposition reactions?

1. Salt → Metal + Nonmetal

2. Ternary Acid → Nonmetal Oxide (acid anhydride) + Water

3. Metal Hydroxide → Metal Oxide (basic anhydride) + Water

4. Metal Chlorate → Metal Chloride + Oxygen

5. Salt (with polyatomic ion) → Nonmetal Oxide + Metal Oxide

6. Metal Carbonate → Metal Oxide + Carbon Dioxide

7. Metal Oxide → Metal + Oxygen

8. Hydrated Salts → Anhydrous Salt + Water.

What are the states of matter in decomposition reactions?

Nonmetal oxides (g), Metal oxides (s), Salts (s), Water as a product (g), Water as a reactant (l), Acids (aq), Individual elements (look at periodic chart for state).

List the diatomic molecules.

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2.

What is the general equation for a single displacement reaction?

AX + B → BX + A, where Compound1 + Element1 → Compound2 + Element2.

What is the first rule to apply in a single displacement reaction?

Check the Activity Series chart to determine if the reaction will take place.

What happens when an active metal reacts with a compound containing a less active metal?

An active metal will replace the metallic ion in a compound of a less active metal.

How do active metals interact with acids in single displacement reactions?

Active metals, such as zinc, iron, and aluminum (all above hydrogen in the series), will replace the hydrogen in acids to give a salt and hydrogen gas.

What is the rule for halogens in single displacement reactions?

Halogens will replace less active halogens.