Cultural Evolution of Man

These flashcards cover key concepts and terminology regarding the cultural evolution of man, focusing on the Paleolithic to Metal Age periods.

What technological achievements characterized the Paleolithic Age?

Early people invented stone tools, used fire, and developed language.

What does the term 'Paleolithic' mean?

It comes from the Greek words 'palaios' meaning old and 'lithos' meaning stone.

What were the living conditions of people during the Paleolithic Age?

They lived in small clans, were nomadic, and did not have permanent homes.

What major transformation occurred during the Mesolithic Age?

The transition from hunting large herd animals to a more diverse and localized diet.

What is 'proto-horticulture' and when did it begin?

Early farming practices that began during the Mesolithic period.

What was a significant innovation of the Neolithic Age?

The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals for food.

How did the Neolithic Revolution affect human settlements?

It led to permanent homes, the formation of communities, and organized governments.

What materials and technologies were emphasized during the Metal Age?

The use of iron, bronze, and copper for tools and weapons; advancements in agricultural practices.

What societal changes occurred due to the Metal Age?

Urbanization, emergence of social classes, trade, and organized leadership.

What was a notable characteristic of early village settlements like Jericho and Catal Huyuk?

They were some of the earliest known permanent dwellings, showcasing advanced organization and trade practices.

What role did archaeology play in understanding early human history?

It provided evidence of early man's migration, lifestyle, and technological advancements throughout various ages.

How did early humans adapt to climate changes during the Mesolithic Age?

By developing lighter tools for hunting and beginning to store food.

Why is culture significant in human history, particularly in the context of the Neolithic Age?

Culture encompasses the way of life and learned traditions of people, which were transmitted from generation to generation.

What was the primary method of food acquisition for Paleolithic humans?

They were hunter-gatherers, meaning they hunted wild animals and gathered wild plants for food.

What is the significance of cave paintings found in sites like Lascaux?

They demonstrate the spiritual and artistic expression of Paleolithic humans, often depicting animals and hunting scenes.

What was the 'Land Bridge' and how did it assist early migration?

Known as Beringia, it connected Asia to North America, allowing early humans to migrate across continents during the Ice Age.

How did Neolithic tools differ from Paleolithic tools?

Neolithic tools were often polished or ground to create sharper, more specialized edges for tasks like carpentry and farming.

What is the definition of 'division of labor' in the context of the Neolithic Revolution?

A system where individuals specialized in specific tasks, such as pottery, weaving, or tool-making, due to food surpluses.

What sequence of metal use defines the Metal Age?

Humans transitioned from using copper to bronze (Copper + Tin) and finally to iron, which was harder and more durable.

What are 'megaliths' and which period are they associated with?

Large stone structures used for monuments or religious purposes, prominently appearing during the late Neolithic and early Bronze Ages.

How did the domestication of plants change human biology and society?

It led to a more stable calorie source but also caused changes in diet-related health and forced the development of storage technologies.