Exam Review: Minor Burns, Wounds, Sunburns, Musculoskeletal Injuries, Emergency Contraception, Insect Bites, Infant Nutrition

These flashcards cover key concepts related to understanding and managing minor burns, wounds, sunburns, musculoskeletal injuries, emergency contraception, insect bites, and infant nutrition.

Abrasion

A friction-induced injury affecting the epidermis and/or superficial dermis.

Inflammatory Phase

The first phase of normal wound healing.

Rule of Nines

A method for estimating the total body surface area (BSA) affected by burns.

Superficial partial thickness burn

A burn characterized by damage extending through the epidermis into the dermis, such as a blister from hot coffee.

UVB radiation

The type of UV radiation primarily responsible for skin erythema (redness).

Chemical burn

A condition requiring immediate referral in self-treatment of minor burns and wounds.

Cool running water application

The immediate recommended non-pharmacologic action for treating a minor burn.

NSAIDs

Preferred class of systemic analgesics for minor burn pain management due to their ability to treat both pain and inflammation.

Benzocaine or Lidocaine

Topical anesthetics generally not appropriate for deep partial-thickness burns due to compromised skin barrier.

Diameter greater than 6 mm

The 'D' criterion in the ABCDE rule for melanoma detection.

Silicone gel

Recommended product for scar prevention after wound closure.

Skin protectants

Wound care products commonly containing petrolatum-based formulations.

Copper IUD

The most effective form of emergency contraception per ACOG guidelines.

Obesity

A condition that may limit the effectiveness of oral emergency contraception but is not a contraindication.

5 days (120 hours)

The recommended time frame by ACOG for the availability of Levonorgestrel emergency contraception.

The high cost of over-the-counter EC

A key barrier often cited by females regarding access to emergency contraception.

Inhibiting or delaying ovulation

The primary mechanism of action of emergency contraception.

Referral for clinical evaluation

The required follow-up action after a patient uses emergency contraception if menses are delayed by 7 days or more.

Immediately resume the regular schedule

Guidance for a patient taking progestin-only oral contraceptive pills after being dispensed levonorgestrel EC.

Natural membrane (lamb cecum)

Material used in male condoms offering no protection against STIs.

Water or silicon-based lubricants

Preferred lubricants for male latex condoms, as oil-based lubricants degrade latex.

Copper IUD

Emergency contraception regimen effective up to 10 days after inadequately protected intercourse.

It has been available OTC without age restriction since 2013

Accurate status description of oral levonorgestrel emergency contraception in the U.S.

Age 18 years or older

Inclusion criterion for a patient to receive emergency contraception under the KY BOP Self-Care Conditions Protocol.

Sprain

An injury or stretching/tearing of a ligament.

Visually deformed joint or suspected fracture

Exclusion criterion for self-treatment of a musculoskeletal injury.

If the pain continues more than 7 days after starting the topical analgesic

When a patient should contact their physician after using a nonprescription topical analgesic.

3900 mg

The maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen for a patient taking Tylenol Arthritis™.

Methyl Salicylate

A topical analgesic combined with ingredients like menthol or camphor that produces a rubefacient effect.

Depletion of substance P

Primary mechanism of action for Capsicum preparations (Capsaicin).

Apply no more than 3-4 times per day, for up to 7 days

The appropriate maximum administration schedule for topical analgesics excluding chronic pain agents.

Heat

Component of RICE therapy to be avoided if using topical analgesics over the same area.

Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis)

The most common type of lice infestation primarily spread via head-to-head contact.

Hives, dizziness, or difficulty breathing

An exclusion criterion for the self-treatment of insect stings.

Resistance of pediculicides

A reason why Ivermectin is preferred over conventional pediculicides for treatment.

Mites

Organisms causing the skin infection known as scabies.

< 2 years of age

Minimum age exclusion for the use of Pyrethrins for pediculosis self-treatment.

Limit outdoor time at dawn and dusk

Recommended nonpharmacologic measure for the prevention of insect bites and stings.

7 days

Time frame for follow-up if nonallergic reactions to insect bites worsen or fail to improve.

Apply sunscreen first, and insect repellent second

Proper order of application when using both sunscreen and insect repellent.

6 months

The duration during which human milk should be the sole source of nutrition for infants.

Iron-deficiency anemia

Condition associated with a whole cow milk-based diet in infants younger than 1 year.

95th percentile

Percentile classification for obesity in children.

Measure water FIRST, then add formula

Key rule for preparing powdered infant formula.

Vitamin D (400 IU/day)

Required dietary supplement for a full-term, human milk-fed infant.

Candida albicans

The organism that most commonly causes vulvovaginal candidiasis.

White, thick, “cottage cheese”

Vaginal discharge typical in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

Currently taking immunosuppressant medications

An exclusion criterion for over-the-counter self-treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

Fluconazole

Nonprescription antifungal that does NOT have vaginal preparations available for OTC VVC treatment.

Antifungals can weaken latex condoms and diaphragms

Critical instruction when counseling a patient on the use of topical imidazole antifungals for VVC.