ORAL HISTOLOGY EXAM 3

submucosa

in which layer are MINOR SALIVARY GLANDs

major salivary glands

produce 90% of saliva volume

wetting, lubricating, digestive, mineralization, protective

functions of saliva

parotid

produces majority of saliva when eating

parotid

produces saliva with SIgA

submandibular

produce majority of daily saliva volume

serous

what kind of saliva do parotids produce

serous and mucous

what kind of saliva do submandibulars produce

mucous

what kind of saliva do sublingual glands primarily produce

intercalated ducts

Small ducts that connect the secretory areas of a gland to the striated ducts

serous (dark in color)

what kind of cell is this?

serous cells

secrete alpha-amylase to digest dietary starch

mucous cell (light in color and polarized)

what kind of cell is this?

myoepithelial cells

assist in the expulsion of secretory products from serous cells

myoepithelial cells

what kind of cell is this

serous cell

where can myoepithelial cells be found?

intercalated duct

idenify A

striated duct

identify B

intercalated duct

act as stem cells for serous and mucous glands

intralobular ducts

small ducts within the lobules of glands that include INTERCALATED and STRIATED ducts.

interlobular

ducts located between the lobules of glands, such as EXCRETORY ducts

intercalated duct cells

synthesize and secrete lysozyme and lactoferrin

striated duct cells

plays role is assembly and transcytosis of SIgA

striated duct cell (polarized nucleus)

what kind of cell is this

excretory duct

what structure is shown here?

parotid

what gland is this?

parotid gland

produces the highest amount of amylase

parotid

what gland is this?

striated duct

identify A

serous cell

Identify B

intercalated duct

identify C

submandibular

what gland is this?

serous cell

secrete lysozyme to kill bacteria

parotid

produces mostly ACTIVE/STIMULATED saliva

submandibular and sublingual

produces mostly RESTING saliva

mucous cell

identify A

serous cell

identify B

striated duct

identify C

sublingual

what kind of gland is this

sublingual

what gland is this?

palate and posterior tongue

where are MUCOUS minor salivary glands found?

buccal mucous, labial mucosa, and anterior tongue

where are MIXED minor salivary gland found

minor salivary glands

produces MAJORITY of MUCOUS secretion

glands of von ebner

SEROUS glands in posterior and lateral regions of the tongue

glands of von ebner

glands associated with papillae, assist with TASTE

webers glands

MUCOUS glands associated with glands of von Ebner, assist with SWALLOWING

mesenchyme

what regulates what the gland will look like

epithelium

what regulates what the gland will produce

Eda

stimulates salivary gland BUD formation

FGF

stimulates salivary gland CORD GROWTH

sonic hedgehog

stimulates salivary gland BRANCHING

FGF/EGF

stimulates secretion of collagen and LOBULE formation

Eda

what signaling molecule defect is associated with Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

collagen III and fibronectin

important for CLEFT formation

collagen IV, and proteoglycans

important for BRANCHING

minor salivary glands

continuous with surrounding tissue

major salivary glands

within mesenchyme capsule

proteins, water, electrolytes

components of saliva secreted by salivary glands

taste, chewing, smell, and conditioned reflexes

what stimulates saliva production

CN VII and CN IX

afferent pathway for taste signals to the brain

CN VII (facial)

efferent (stimulates salivation) innervation of sublingual and submandibular glands

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

efferent (stimulates salivation) innervation of PAROTID gland

inferior salivatory nucleus (ISN)

nucleus in brainstem that provides parasympathetic efferent fibers to the PAROTID and von Ebner gland via the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).

superior salivatory nucleus (SSN)

nucleus in brainstem that provides parasympathetic efferent fibers to the SUBMANDIBULAR and SUBLINGUAL glands via the facial nerve (CN VII).

inferior salivatory nucleus

stimulates SEROUS saliva production in parotid and von ebner glands

unstimulated/resting

saliva that confers the most protection

stimulated/active

saliva that is rich in digestive enzymes

acetylcholine

PARASYMPATHIC, only affects FLUID secretion

norepinephrine

SYMPATHETIC, stimulates release of PROTEINS

Na/K ATPase

creates Na gradient that allows for influx of Na in acinar and ductal cells

NaK2Cl co transporter

drives acinar Cl- ions into cytoplasm

acetylcholine binding M3R

causes release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum in acinar cells to stimulate FLUID secretion

Ca 2+

opens Cl- and K+ channels, causes H2O secretion into lumen

cAMP (activated by norepinephrine)

activates protein kinase A (PKA) leading to protein secretion

aldosterone

influences the ductal epithelial cells to REABSORB Na into blood, making the final saliva HYPOTONIC

night (during sleep)

when is salivary flow the LOWEST

water

what is the main component of saliva

salivary pellicle

a thin layer formed by the adsorption of proteins onto the tooth surface, critical for oral health

histatins

salivary component that functions in WOUND CLOSURE

sjogrens syndrome

an autoimmune disorder that affects saliva production, leading to dry mouth and other symptoms

up to 1 liter

how much salvia is poduced per day

lubrication, mineral homeostasis, determines microbial colonizers, protect from acid

function of salivary pellicle

sjogrens, lupus, GvHD, irradiation, medication

causes of reduced salivary flow

ectoderm

origin of PAROTID epithelial cells

endoderm

orgin of SUBMANDIBULAR and SUBLINGUAL gland epithelial cells

NCCs

origin of extracellular matrix of major salivary glands

intercalated duct

lactoferrin is an antibacterial added too saliva, where in saliva is it added?

protein digestion

which of the following is NOT a function of saliva

buffering

lubrication

anti-microbial

protein digestion

norepinephrine binding beta receptor

what sets up the conditions for PROTEIN secretion by exocytosis

submandibular glands

gland primarily responsible for salivary flow during unstimulated conditions

collagen III and fibronectin

connective tissue critical to the process of these CLEFTs forming

von-Ebners

only on minor gland is fully serous, which one?

sublingual

which gland looks most similar to the gland in this section

bud formation

which developmental stage is Eda a critical signaling molecule?

foliate papillae

which lingual papillae is NOT present on the DORSAL surface of the tongue

circumvallate papillae

identify the structure in this image

fungiform papillae

what structure is highlighted by the red arrow

Type II in both fungiform and circumvallate papillae

which taste cell type has the G-protein coupled receptors responsible for transducing BITTER taste perception

sweet and umami taste receptors (T1Rs)

which G protein coupled receptors operate as hetero dimers and have long N terminal with VENUS FLYTRAP domains

loss of taste, numbness, fungiform atrophy, more sensitive to bitter

what can happen if the lingual nerve is damage during the extraction of a third molar