Feeds and Feeding Final Exam Review

quizzes and exams, Samuleson spring 23

What is the function of the mouth?

procuring, mastication, prehension

What is NOT a function of the stomach?

starch digestion

What is NOT responsible for increasing surface area of the small intestine?

papillae

Which is NOT a primary organ or the gastrointestinal tract?

pancreas

The \_____ serves as the center for metabolic activity.

liver

\______ is an exocrine secretion released by the pancreas

amylase, lipase

The \_____ region of the stomach does NOT have glandular mucosa.

cardia

\_____ is the passage of a food bolus formed in the stomach to the mouth.

rumination

The large intestine contains the cecum and the ileum.

false

The pancreas secretes bile into the small intestine for emulsification of fats.

false

What is NOT a function of the non-ruminant stomach?

none of the above

Which area of the chickens anatomy serves as a moistening reservoir?

crop

Which classification of feeds generally contains greater than 70% TDN?

high energy

The interior surface of the rumen is lined with \____ to aid in absorption of VFA.

papillae

Many chickens need to be provided with small stones known as \___ to promote feed breakdown.

grit

The solid layer of the rumen is also known as the \______________________.

fiber mat

The \_______________ allows milk to bypass the rumen when closed.

esophageal groove?

The main function of the omasum is VFA absorption.

false

Chickens have 1 cecum.

false

The ruminant uses microbes that pass to the abomasum as a source of protein.

true

\____ is the process by which the animal takes in feed and assimilates components for maintenance or production.

mastication

\________ is the moisture associated with feeds.

free water

In sheep, wool/fleece acts as insulation to \________ evaporative losses.

decrease

Nutrition can affect both quantitative and \________ characteristics of meat.

qualitative

Nutrient requirements for reproduction are greater than maintenance but less than growth.

true

Water loss in feces is lower for cattle than sheep.

false

Birds do not urinate

true

Ingestion includes both prehension and mastication

true

The process of breaking down feeds and complex components into forms that can be absorbed is \_____________.

digestion

\________ is all changes that take place after absorption from the digestive tract into the cell.

metabolism

Non-structural carbohydrates have beta linkages.

false

The end product of carbohydrate fermentation by microbes is volatile fatty acids.

true

Which form of starch contains both alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6 linkages?

amylopectin

What is an example of a mixed polysaccharide?

hemicellulose

Proteins in tertiary structure are also referred to as being in their "native fold".

true

The \______________ is unique to all amino acids.

R group

\______________________ amino acids are those which are needed in the diet because the animal cannot synthesize them in adequate amounts.

essential

Rumen microbes have specialized enzymes to break \________ linkages.

beta

Starch and fiber are examples of "\_________" carbohydrates.

complex

When forming larger oligo and polysaccharides, monosaccharides are connected together by condensation using \_______________ linkages.

glycosidic

Alkali disease is a result of deficiency of which mineral?

Se

Which disorder occurs when a blood glucose drain causes fat to be mobilzed?

Ketosis

Which animal can synthesize Vitamin C?

human, primates, guinea pigs

The first name for vitamins was "\________”

vital amines

Essential fatty acids are not required in the diet.

false

Saturated fatty acids have double bonds.

false

Once absorbed, micelles are repackaged into \________________.

chylomicrons

Bile salts surround lipids to form \______________________.

lipid emulsions

Vitamin D deficiency causes hypercalcemia.

false

Vitamin B-12 was the first vitamin discovered.

false

Ruminants and horses are less tolerant to dietary fat than swine.

true

Which is NOT a high energy feedstuff?

oilseed meals

Oat byproducts are inexpensive to feed in most livestock diets.

false

Oats are easy to digest and work well for feeding animals undergoing periods of digestive upset

true

The protein matrix that surrounds starch could be a barrier to digestion

true

\________ is commonly grown in Canada because it does well in cold temperatures

barley

Soft endosperm consists of long chains of glucose primarily in the form of \________.

amylopectin

Availability on a \______ basis can be a challenge when using cereal milling byproducts

consistent

Which wheat byproduct contains gern, bran, and middlings?

wheat germ meal

. \________ refers to when oxygen reacts with saturated fatty acids to produce free radicals

rancidity

\_______________ grasses are most sensitive to temperature.

C3

In ruminants high fiber feeds are predominantly digested by \_______________.

rumen microbes

Legumes have a symbiotic relationship with \______________ organisms.

rhizobia

Roughage quality of crop residues is poor.

true

Silages undergo controlled aerobic fermentation.

false

\____________ grain disrupts the pericarp and increases surface area but does not gelatinize starch.

cracking (dry rolling)?

\_____________ is the mechanism of grain processing where grains are passed through a hammer mill to increase surface area.

grinding

Which component of the steam flaking process adds moisture and allows for grain swelling?

steam chest

Which of the following is considered a nutritional factor for selecting the proper method of feed processing?

feed type, ration composition, effects on performance, feed intake, health

Pelleting helps to distribute lower quality feeds.

true

Under stressful conditions of growth plant yield decreases and forage quality \______________________.

increases

When making silage, the objective is to expose the surface of your pile to oxygen.

false

Grinding and chopping forages helps to provide a more \_____________________ product.

uniform

Processing roughage increases physical attributes.

false

Which method of roughage processing involves pushing ground forage through a square die?

cubing

Which is NOT a general rule about high CP feeds? a. Contains \> 20% CP b. Contains \> 70% TDN c. Contains

d. Contains \> 18% CF

A maillard reaction product occurs when bonds form between sugars and amino acids.

true

After oilseed extraction only the oilseed meal and hulls remain.

false

BV is the ability of a protein to supply a needed \__________________.

amino acid

Soybean meal contains \___________ inhibitors which bind to enzymes.

protease

\________________ is the most common source of NPN.

urea

Which is NOT an animal protein source?

biuret

Oilseed meals are high in \__________________ vitamins.

water soluble

Antioxidants are used in feeds to increase palatability.

false

What is true of the mineral concentrations of grasses?

high in Ca

MGA is a synthetic hormone designed to mimic testosterone that suppresses estrus activity.

false

Ionophores alter the ion transferring ability of bacteria.

true

Which feed additive is responsible for attacking organisms that invade and destroy the intestines?

Coccidiostats

What is true of the mineral concentrations of cereal grains?

high in P

Feed additives are highly regulated by the \_____________.

FDA

beta-agonists are responsible for \_____________ nutrients away from fat deposition.

repartition?

\___________ can also be used as an intake limiter in addition to a mineral source.

sodium chloride?

the mineral content of the feeds reflects \______ a. all of the above b. mineral content in soil c. mineral content in fertilizer d. mineral content in water

a. all of the above

antifungal agents are used to prevent \__________ growth in stored feeds.

mold

consumption of mineral \_________ is typically lower than loose mineral

blocks?

exogenous feed enzymes are added to feeds to improve diet digestibility

true

Provision of colostrum at birth helps to build ___________

immunity

Dairy nutrition is based upon the production of __________________.

calves

T/F:

Dry matter intake of dairy animals is lower than beef animals 

false

Which is NOT a parameter dairy producers are paid for/evaluated on in terms of milk production?

a. Butter fat

b. Calcium concentration

c. Amount of milk

d. Somatic cell count

B. calcium concentration