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sociocultural
Gordon Allport's lens model of prejudice suggests that which category is the result of ethnocentric preferences for materialism and progress?
authoritarian personality
The configuration of traits (e.g., respect for authority, intolerance of ambiguity) that produces a personality prone to prejudice, involving a projection of unacceptable impulses (such as anger) onto powerless out-group members, is best described as which of the following?
blatant prejudice
Breanne comments that "Gay people should not hold positions as teachers or coaches because they are a physical threat to our children." Breanne's comment is an example of
The phenomenon in which people who are frustrated by one source but are unable to retaliate directly (e.g., because the person or source is unavailable or too powerful) displace aggression in a more socially acceptable way onto a more convenient and socially available person or group.
Which of the following best describes scapegoating?
neuroses
Psychological problems that impair a person's activities but do not prevent him or her from functioning in society, is best described as which of the following?
displacement
The process by which an emotion (particularly anger) that is inhibited is redirected in the form of behavior toward another target that was not responsible for arousing that emotion, is best described as which of the following?
psychopathology
A condition that reflects abnormal psychological functioning, is best described as which of the following?
situational
Gordon Allport's lens model of prejudice suggests that the _________ category considers the contemporary patterns of social and economic forces as the explanation.
subtle prejudice
A modern form of bias that may be unrecognized or unacknowledged that leads people to discriminate in indirect and rationalizable ways, is best described as which of the following?
A theory developed by Sigmund Freud that explains prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination as intra-individual processes, as ways to satisfy individual needs grounded in basic life (Eros) and death (Thanatos) instincts.
Which of the following best characterizes psychodynamic theory?
confirmatory bias
Which of the following concerns the tendency to seek out information that is consistent with what we expect, dismissing information that is inconsistent?
cognitive dissonance theory
Justine claims that the Arkansas Razorbacks are the worst baseball team in the SEC. However, the Razorbacks had the best overall record of any other SEC team in the conference, and they won the SEC Tournament. Given this discrepancy, Justine changes her mind and claims the Razorbacks are a great team. Which of the following best explains Justine's thinking?
Explains how we come to understand the causes of people's behavior, others' as well as our own. Early research demonstrated that the types of attributions people make are greatly influenced by three dimensions: consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness.
Which of the following describes attribution theory?
Proposes that holding inconsistent thoughts or beliefs arouses psychological tension and discomfort, which people strive to reduce, often by changing their attitudes to be more consistent with their actions
Which of the following describes cognitive dissonance theory?
cognitive miser
Nicholas assumes the person knocking on his door with a clipboard is working for a political campaign. He refuses to open the door because he thinks all politicians, regardless of political party, are corrupt and untrustworthy. Which of the following best describes his reasoning for not opening the door?
People need to see the world as a just place in which they get what they deserve and deserve what they get. Believing this makes it seem more predictable and controllable.
Which of the following describes just-world hypothesis?
self-fulfilling prophecy
Kaitlin acts cold and distant to Thomas, a classmate in her group for a group project, because she assumes he is lazy and unmotivated. As a result, Thomas is slower to respond to emails regarding classwork, is late turning in his portion of the assignment, and requests to switch groups with another group in class. Kaitlin's influence on Thomas's behavior is best described as
cognitive consistency
Which of the following concerns a basic motivation to have one's thoughts and beliefs fit together in a coherent way?
minimal groups
Which of the following reduces what it means to be a group, affecting the way people think and act even when there is no consequential relationship between different groups or among members of the same group?
People systematically make attributions in ways that make themselves, their group, and members of their group appear in a positive light.
Which of the following describes attribution bias?
A negative compensatory response to members of socially devalued groups who display a positive attribute. For example, women who demonstrate high competence tend to be perceived as less warm, which can then be used as a justification for a negative reaction to them.
Which of the following best describes backlash?
mutual intergroup differentiation
Which of the following involves maintaining distinct group identities, which limit threats to valued social identity, but within the context of cooperative interdependence between groups?
The pleasure that we experience when an out-group suffers.
Which of the following best describes schadenfreude?
optimal distinctiveness theory
Which theory argues that people have simultaneous and competing drives for both distinctiveness and inclusiveness; when inclusiveness exceeds an individual's optimal level—too much "we-ness"—they seek to increase their distinctiveness—more "me-ness?"
Involves perceptions that another group challenges our core values and way of life.
Which of the following best describes symbolic threat?
system justification theory
Which of the following suggests there is a strong psychological motivation that causes people to defend and maintain power hierarchies and social order?
self-categorization theory
Which of the following is a theory that distinguishes personal identity from social identity, in which different situations make a particular social identity salient, and we respond in ways that represent what a typical group member should think, feel, and do?
personal identity
Which of the following represents what we believe makes us unique compared to all other people; your experiences, characteristics, talents, and values are distinctive; there is no one else just like you?
system-justifying ideologies
Which of the following involves cultural belief that rationalizes inequalities between groups that contributes to the status quo and makes the advantaged status of some groups over others appear fair and reduces the likelihood that these advantages will be questioned as illegitimate?
A psychological concept referring to the complex interactions that exist for each person, among the various social roles they occupy in a society. All persons jointly occupy different social roles such as woman, teacher, parent, lesbian, White, and so on.
Which of the following best describes intersectionality?
Measures blood flow within the brain to indicate brain activity. Researchers use this to learn what areas of the brain are active when people are exposed to different stimuli, such as a photograph of a person with light or dark skin, or when they engage in or think about certain activities.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is best described as which of the following?
A distinct brain area located not too far from the amygdala. Whereas the amygdala is part of the brain's general early-warning system, this area is specialized to process information about others' faces.
Fusiform face area (FFA) is best described as which of the following?
chronic egalitarian goals
Which of the following concerns habitual ways of thinking that, when activated, inhibit even implicit biases that are normally automatically activated?
Directed at one's inner thoughts and which involves conscious attempts to inhibit the activation of negative attitudes, feelings, or beliefs when we sense that we are beginning to experience them.
Suppression is best described as which of the following?
Seeking to escape a situation or to protect ourselves against harm.
Threat response is best described as which of the following?
Within the forebrain, this area is particularly important to how we react to others. This area is sensitive to novel people and objects, and it acts rapidly to signal a threat. When a threat occurs, this area initiates a series of processes that prepare a person for "fight or flight."
The amygdala is best described as which of the following?
Frees us from controlling our biases because we have engaged in a prior activity that convinces us that we are not prejudiced and thus no longer have to work at being unbiased
Moral license is best described as which of the following?
Memory system that records information slowly and is sensitive to repeated patterns, events, and activities. It produces long-term stable knowledge that we can access automatically and unconsciously through sensory cues.
Slow-learning system is best described as which of the following?
shooter bias
Which of the following refers to simulated situations in which you make a split-second decision about whether to shoot a Black or White man who may or may not have a weapon in his hand; and mistakenly shoot an unarmed Black man than an unarmed White man?
phenotypicality
Which of the following refers to features of the face that are perceived to be most typical for a member of that racial or ethnic group.?
