Lesson 8: Personality Disorders: Clusters & Differences

Personality Disorders

Persistent pattern of emotions, cognitions, and behavior that results in enduring emotional distress for the person affected and/or for others and may cause difficulties with work and relationships. Unstable positive sense of self.

1. Harmful

2. Longstanding

3. Pervasive

4. Inflexible

5. Extreme

6. Persistent

A personality becomes a disorder if it is:

3-cluster format

DSM-5 retains the ____ of th DSM-IV-TR

Appendix of DSM-5

Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders included in the ______

Personality Disorder-Trait Specified

Currently undergoing study for possible inclusion in a future revision of DSM-V

1. Negative Affectivity

2. Detachment

3. Antagonism

4. Disinhibition

5. Psychoticism

5 PDTS`

Negative Affectivity

Display negative emotions frequently and intensely (hindi maka move forward without relying to other people or without sexual partner)

Detachment

People who manifest detachment tend to withdraw from other people and social interactions (nasasatisfy pag mag-isa)

Antagonism

Behave in ways that put them at odds with other people (apple of the eye, lahat dapat mapunta sakanya)

Disinhibition

Behave impulsively, without reflecting on potential future consequences (no guilt, no remorse)

Psychoticism

Unusual and bizzare experiences; isolated but must be with someone where it becomes a victim.

Adolescence or Early Adult

PD is recognizable during _____ or ______

1 year

For PD to be diagnosed, individual younger than 18, it has to be present for at least ______

PTSD

When personality changes after exposure to extreme stress, ____ should be considered.

6 months or more

Duration of all Personality Disorder:

1. Cluster A: Odd eccentric

2. Cluster B: Dramatic/Erratic

3. Cluster C: Anxious/Fearful

Personality Disorder Clusters

Cluster A: Odd Eccentric

Some similarity to, but less severe than schizophrenia

1. Paranoid Personality Disorder

2. Schizoid Personality Disorder

3. Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Disorders under Cluster A: Odd Eccentric

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Excessively mistrustful and suspicious of others, without any justification.

1. Early mistreatment

2. Traumatic childhood experiences

3. Externalizing symptoms

4. Bullying

5. Adult appearance of interpersonal aggression

Paranoid Personality Disorder may be due to:

1. Solitariness

2. Poor peer relationships

3. Social anxiety

4. Underachievement in school

5. Interpersonal hypersensitivity

Paranoid Personality Disorder may be first apparent in childhood and adolescence with:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Treatment for Paranoid Personality Disorder

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Show pattern of detachment from social relationships and a limited range of emotions.

Schizoid

Describe people who have the tendency to turn inward and away from the outside world.

1. Childhood shyness

2. Abuse and Neglect in childhood

Precursor to later adult schizoid personality disorder

Social Skills Training

Treatment for Schizoid Personality Disorder

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Typically socially isolated and behave in ways that would seem unusual to many and tend to be suspicious and have odd beliefs. “magical thinking”

Cluster B: Dramatic/Erratic

Pattern of irresponsible behaviors

1. Anti-social Personality Disorder

2. Borderline Personality Disorder

3. Histrionic Personality Disorder

4. Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Disorders under Cluster B: Dramatic/Erratic

Anti-social Personality Disorder

Having history of failing to comply with social norms. Tend to be irresponsible, impulsive, and deceitful . No conscience, empathy and selfish. Do as they please, violates social norms, no guilt or regret.

40

Anti-social Personality Disorder has chronic course but may become less evident as the individual grows older, often by age ___

Conduct Disorder

Disorder diagnosed at age 15 and may lead to Anti-social Personality Disorder by the age of 18.

TRUE

T or F: Antisocial behavior that occurs exclusively during schizophrenia or bipolar disorder should not be diagnosed

Underarousal Hypothesis

Abnormally low levels of cortical arousal

Fearlessness Hypothesis

Possess a higher threshold for experiencing fear than most other individuals.

Parent Training

Treatment for Anti-social Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder

Moods and relationships are unstable, usually have poor self-image, often feel empty and are at great risk of suicide. Tend to have turbulent relationships, fearing abandonment but lacking control over their emotions

Dysfunction in the area of emotion

Sometimes considered one of the core features of borderline personality disorder.

Mood disorders

Borderline PD is prevalent in families who have history of _____ and often co-occurs with this.

12 or 13 years

Adolescents as young as ____ can meet full criteria of Borderline PD

Impulsive, Affective

In borderline PD,

_____ symptoms : remit the most rapidly :: _____ symptoms : remit at a substantially slower rate.

TRUE

T or F: Recovery in Borderline PD is more difficult to achieve and less stable over time.

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy

Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder; Confrontational Therapy. To make them change their thinking and lifestyle.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Tend to be overly dramatic and often seem almost to be acting, attention seeker. Express emotions in exaggerated manner

TRUE

T or F: Histrionic PD & Antisocial PD co-occur more often.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Consider themselves different from others and deserve a special treatment. Unreasonable sense of self-importance and so preoccupied with themselves that they lack sensitivity and compassion for other people.

Grandiosity

People with Narcissistic PD usually show this

Cluster C: Anxious/Fearful

Highly comorbid to depressive disorder.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Extremely sensitive of the opinion of others and although they desire social relationships, their anxiety leads them to avoid. Feel chronically rejected by others and are pessimistic about their future. Extremely low self-esteem causes them to be limited in their friendships and dependent on those who they feel comfortable with.

1. Shyness

2. Isolation

3. Fear of strangers and new situations

Avoidant PD often starts in infancy or childhood with:

TRUE

T or F: Avoidant PD frequently occurs in the absence of SAD

Behavioral Intervention Techniques

Treatment for Avoidant PD

Dependent Personality Disorder

Rely on others to make ordinary decisions as well as important ones, which results in an unreasonable fear of abandonment. Agree with other people’s opinion just for them to be not rejected. Feel uncomfortable or helpless when alone. PEOPLE PLEASER. FEAR OF ABANDONMENT.

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

Fixation on things being done “the right way” ; Need to control all aspects of their life. Can comorbid with OCD

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Treatment for OCPD

CLUSTER A: P,S,S

CLUSTER B: AS, B, H, N

CLUSTER C: A, D, O

Summary of Personality Disorders Cluster