protein synthesis

Describe 4 differences between DNA and RNA

Deoxyribose:ribose (sugar)

Double helix:single helix (structure)

Blue prints:builder (structure)

ATCG:AUCG (Bases)

List 3 types of RNA and their functions

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

What is transcription? Where + product

Transcription is copying DNA in mRNA

occurs in the nucleus

mRNA is the product

2 enzymes used in transcription+ functions

DNA helicase-breaks week hydrogen bonds

RNA polymer case-brings correct nucleotide

What’s the end product of transcription

mRNA (finds ribosome)

Why does transcription happen (problem)

DNA can’t leave the nucleus

Proteins need to be made

How does transcription solve the problem

Transcription copy’s DNA into mRNA

Where does mRNA go after it’s made

mRNA leaves the nucleus to find the ribosome

What’s a codon? What does it code for+how’s it written

A codon is 3 mRNA nucleotides

It codes for an amino acid

It’s written In mRNA conditions

What is translation? Where+product

Translation is turining mRNA into proteins

Occurs on a ribosome

Proteins are the products

Point vs shift mutations

Point only effects 1 codon

Shifts effects all codon shifts

What is an anticodon? Where+purpose

Anticodon is the complement to the codon

It’s on tRNA (other side of amino acid)

Double checks to see if a is correct

Why is frame shift more dangerous

Fr causes all codons after to be wrong

Codons cut line or remove

Two types of framshift mutations

Insertion-cuts line

Deletion- removes

Why do some point mutations have no effect

Codons can code for the same amino acid

How are cells specialized

Majority of cells have a complet set of DNA

only DNA relating to the cells job is read

All other DNA is ignored