AP HUG Chapter 4

culture

a group of belief systems, norms, & values practiced by a people

The 2 Ways

Local cultures may choose to….

accept, reject, or alter popular culture

What do local cultures rely on to maintain culture?

on religion, community celebrations, and family support

material culture

includes things people construct such as art, houses, clothing, sports, dances, and foods

non-material culture

includes beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and value

Popular culture is found…

everywhere

heterogeneous groups

people of different races, ethnicities, genders, & ages

What does popular culture include?

music, dance, food preferences, religious practices, and aesthetic values

What is popular cultures main paths of diffusion?

transportation, markets, & communication that interlink the world

Customs sustain…

local cultures

What are the three desires of Local Cultures?

1. keep popular culture out

2. keep their culture intact

3. maintain control over customs & knowledge

assimilation

the process of becoming similar to others by taking in and using their customs and culture

1800s-1900s US government policy of assimilation

forcibly suppressing Native American customs & replacing them with the dominate culture

What did 1800s-1900s US government policy of assimilation do?

forced tribal members to settle in one place and farm

The natives the US government deemed ‘American’ were rewarded with….

citizenship and jobs

acculturation

assimilation to a different culture, typically the dominant one

syncretism

the amalgamation or attempted amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of though

multiculturalism

the state of society in which there exists numerous distinct ethnic and cultural groups seen to be politically relevant

What was official assimilation policies designed for?

the exact purpose of disrupting and changing indigenous local cultures

Rural cultures have an easier time maintaining customs because of….

isolation

neo localism

seeking out the regional culture & reinvigorating it in response to the uncertainty of the modern world

Some local cultures build a place to practice their customs by….

constructing tight-knit ethnic neighborhoods within a city

What is the biggest challenge urban local cultures face?

the migration of members of other local cultures/ethnic groups into the neighborhood

gentrification

the renewal/rebuilding of lower-income neighborhoods

cultural appropiation

the process by which other cultures adopt customs/knowledge & use them for their own benefit

commodification

the process through which something that previously was not regarded as an object to be bought or sold becomes an object that can be bought, sold, & traded in the world market

Social networking cuts…

the distance between knower & follower

time-space compression

explains how quickly innovations diffuse & refers to how interlinked two places are through transportation & communication

Social networks create opportunities for…

constant contagious and hierarchal diffusion

reterritorialization

a process in which people start to produce an aspect of popular culture themselves, doing so in the context of their local culture and place and making it their own

What is an example of reterritorialization?

when migrants take their local food to a new place and redesign it to be more appealing

What did major sports in the US benefit from?

advances in transportation, new technologies, communication technology, and institutionalization

Geographers realize that…

local cultures will interpret, change, and reshape the influx of popular culture

The tension between popular culture and local culture can be seen in….

cultural landscapes

cultural landscapes

the visible imprint of human activity on the landscape

What do cultural landscapes reflect?

the values, norms, and aesthetics of a culture

place lessness

describes the loss of uniqueness of a place in the cultural landscape to the point that one place looks like the next

3 Developments of Convergence

1. architectural firms and planning ideas have diffused around the world

2. individual businesses and products have become so widespread that they now leave a distinctive landscape stamp on far-flung places

3. the wholesale borrowing of identified landscape images has promoted a blurring of place distinctiveness

centripetal forces

forces or attitudes that tend to bring a state together

Centrifugal forces

forces or attitudes that tend to divide a state