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Traditional umbrella terms
Terms like ADHD or autism that assume one condition is the primary diagnosis and that comorbidity is not common.
Neuro
The argument that all psychiatric issues have their origins in the brain and should be considered as "neuro."
Neurodevelopmental problems
Criticized for implying that these issues only exist during the developmental stage.
ESSENCE
Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations, a comprehensive approach that acknowledges comorbidity, overlapping symptoms, and changing presentations over time.
Tailored support and treatment
The application of ESSENCE that emphasizes examining every child with autistic or ADHD symptoms for other problems and providing early assistance through a cohesive team of professionals.
Developmental issues
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism (ASD) can cause long-term problems, including social difficulties and psychiatric problems in teenagers.
ESSENCE neutrality
ESSENCE doesn't align with either neuropsychiatry or neurodevelopment but emphasizes the link between early-onset symptomatic conditions and clinical examinations.
ESSENCE development
Ongoing research worldwide for 45 years involving new methods, genetics, brain chemistry, brain imaging, and finding common ground on how different conditions should be grouped.
Prevalence of ESSENCE
Approximately 10% of the population, higher in boys (13%) than girls (7%), with around 8% of boys and 2% of girls seeking medical attention before the age of 10.
When to suspect ESSENCE
In children displaying signs of abnormal development, behavioral disorders, or significant mood swings or problems that have been present for an extended period.
Outcome of ESSENCE
Long-term problems persist into adulthood, including difficulties in social interaction, communication, learning, reading and writing, motor coordination, and attention.
Prevalence in adulthood
Approximately 5% of the adult population still exhibits diagnosable ESSENCE-related problems, with additional individuals grappling with underlying issues.
Comorbid conditions
Most adults with ESSENCE meet criteria for additional diagnoses such as depression, anxiety, pain disorder, personality disorders, and drug addiction.
Functional implications
A significant portion of those affected end up on early retirement, unemployment benefits, or welfare, and a notable percentage of individuals with ADHD become involved in the criminal justice system.
Positive outcomes
In cases of autism and Tourette's syndrome, positive outcomes can occur with early diagnosis, information, and support, leading to artistic aptitude, creative thinking, and success in various fields.
Comorbidity in ESSENCE
It is common for individuals with ESSENCE to have multiple co-occurring conditions.
Gender differences
Most conditions within the ESSENCE group are more commonly observed in boys, highlighting a potential gender bias in diagnosis and recognition.