2021+Background+on+Roman+History+and+Politics+-+Introduction+to+Ecce+Roman+III+Textbook

Romulus

Traditional founder of the city of Rome, founded in 753 B.C.

Tarquinius Superbus

The last Etruscan king expelled by the Romans in 509 B.C.

Consuls

Two annually elected magistrates who ruled Rome in place of a king.

Cursus Honorum

The sequence of offices through which a Roman politician advanced.

Quaestor

Office that managed government finances.

Tribune

Office that represented and protected the common people.

Aedile

Office that supervised roads, sewers, water, and food supplies.

Praetor

Office that served as judges.

Dignitas

Prestige acquired by Roman individuals through military and political achievements.

Autoritas

Influence acquired by Roman individuals through various means including election to higher offices.

Amici

People who do favors for a Roman aristocrat in return for help.

Clientes

People of lower standing who depended on a powerful Roman and supported him.

Galia

The region conquered by Caesar, comprising modern France, Switzerland, and Belgium.

Princeps

Title under which Augustus ruled the Roman world, from which 'Principate' is derived.

Monarchy

Form of government in use from 753 B.C. to 509 B.C., ruled by kings.

Republic

Form of government from 509 B.C. to 44 B.C., governed by a Senate and elected officials.

Empire

Form of government from 44 B.C. onward, ruled by an emperor while still having a Senate.

Cicero

Consul and lawyer who defeated Catiline in 63 B.C.

Marius

Rome's 'Great' general who served 7 times as consul and reformed the army.

Pompey

Roman general and member of the First Triumvirate, known for financing his own professional army.

First Triumvirate

Political alliance formed by Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar.

Battle of Actium

Decisive battle in 31 B.C. where Octavian defeated Antony.

Augustus

Name given to Octavian after he was named Princeps by the Senate in 27 B.C.