Chapter 25: New Materials Through Chemistry

Alloy

________: a mixture of elements that has metallic properties.

Metals

________ and alloys usually are good conductors of heat and electricity because of these loosely bound electrons.

Fossil fuels

________ are composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen and are referred to as hydrocarbons.

Ceramics

________: materials that are made from dried clay or claylike mixtures.

Gold

________ is a bright, expensive metal that is soft and bends easily.

Plastics

________ are usually lightweight, strong, impact resistant, waterproof, moldable, chemical resistant, and inexpensive.

composition

Changing the ________ of the raw materials or the manufacturing process changes the properties of the ceramic.

Ductility

________: can be pulled into wires.

Synthetic

________: the polymer does not occur naturally, but it was manufactured in a laboratory or chemical plant.

Conductivity

________: heat or electrical charges can move easily through the material.

Malleability

________: the property that allows metals and alloys to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets.

Monomer

________: one specific molecule that is repeated in the polymer chain.

Polymers

________: a class of natural or manufactured substances that are composed of molecules arranged in large chains with small, simple, repeating units called monomers.

Luster

________: reflect light or have a shiny appearance.

overall number

If doping reduces the ________ of electrons, the semiconductor is called a p- type semiconductor.

Alloys

________ can produce materials with improved properties such as greater hardness, strength, lightness, or durability.

Traditional ceramics

________ also are used as insulators because they do not conduct heat or electricity.

Semiconductors

________ are the materials that make computers and other electronic devices possible.

Ceramics

________ can be used in the body because they are strong and resistant to body fluids, which can damage other materials.

fossil fuels

Today, synthetic polymers usually are made from ________ such as oil, coal, or natural gas.

Steel

________ is a strong alloy and is used often if a great deal of strength is required.

Semiconductors

________: poorer conductors of electricity than metals but better conductors than nonmetals, and their electrical conductivity can be controlled.

Ceramics

________ are known also for their chemical resistance to oxygen, water, acids, bases, salts, and strong solvents.

Alloy

a mixture of elements that has metallic properties

Luster

reflect light or have a shiny appearance

Ductility

can be pulled into wires

Malleability

the property that allows metals and alloys to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets

Conductivity

heat or electrical charges can move easily through the material

Ceramics

materials that are made from dried clay or claylike mixtures

Doping

The process of adding impurities or other elements to a semiconductor to modify the conductivity

Integrated Circuit

contains many semiconducting devices

Polymers

a class of natural or manufactured substances that are composed of molecules arranged in large chains with small, simple, repeating units called monomers

Monomer

one specific molecule that is repeated in the polymer chain

Synthetic

the polymer does not occur naturally, but it was manufactured in a laboratory or chemical plant