chem 1a

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Flashcards covering the principles of chemistry, states of matter, interconversions, diffusion, and solutions.

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20 Terms

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three states of matter

Solid, Liquid, and Gas

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Gas

Particles have the most energy; arrangement is random and spread apart.

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Liquid

Particles have more energy than solids but less than gases arrangement is random but closer together than gas.

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Solid

Particles have the least energy, vibrate in place, and are arranged regularly and very closely together.

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Melting

The physical change from solid to liquid. takes place at melting point.

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Freezing

The physical change from liquid to solid. takes place at melting point

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Boiling

The physical change from liquid to gas. takes place at boiling point

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Condensing

The physical change from gas to liquid. takes place at boiling point

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Diffusion

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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Solvent

The liquid in which a solute dissolves.

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Solute

The substance that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution.

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Solution

A mixture formed when a solute has dissolved in a solvent.

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Saturated Solution

A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in a solvent.

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Solubility (g per 100 g of solvent)

The grams of a solute that will dissolve in 100 g of water.

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Solubility of Solids (vs Temperature)

Generally increases when temperature increases.

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Solubility of Gases (vs Pressure)

Generally increases when pressure increases.

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Unsaturated Solution (on Solubility Curve)

Any mass below the solubility line for a solute at a specific temperature.

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Supersaturated Solution (on Solubility Curve)

Any mass above the solubility line for a solute at a specific temperature; unstable.

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when you change from solid to liquid to gas:

the particles gain more kinetic energy, move around more and become more randomly arrnged and further apart.

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when you change from gas to liquid to solid

the particles lose kinetic energy, move less and become more regularly arranged and closer together