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Flashcards covering the principles of chemistry, states of matter, interconversions, diffusion, and solutions.
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three states of matter
Solid, Liquid, and Gas
Gas
Particles have the most energy; arrangement is random and spread apart.
Liquid
Particles have more energy than solids but less than gases arrangement is random but closer together than gas.
Solid
Particles have the least energy, vibrate in place, and are arranged regularly and very closely together.
Melting
The physical change from solid to liquid. takes place at melting point.
Freezing
The physical change from liquid to solid. takes place at melting point
Boiling
The physical change from liquid to gas. takes place at boiling point
Condensing
The physical change from gas to liquid. takes place at boiling point
Diffusion
Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Solvent
The liquid in which a solute dissolves.
Solute
The substance that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution.
Solution
A mixture formed when a solute has dissolved in a solvent.
Saturated Solution
A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in a solvent.
Solubility (g per 100 g of solvent)
The grams of a solute that will dissolve in 100 g of water.
Solubility of Solids (vs Temperature)
Generally increases when temperature increases.
Solubility of Gases (vs Pressure)
Generally increases when pressure increases.
Unsaturated Solution (on Solubility Curve)
Any mass below the solubility line for a solute at a specific temperature.
Supersaturated Solution (on Solubility Curve)
Any mass above the solubility line for a solute at a specific temperature; unstable.
when you change from solid to liquid to gas:
the particles gain more kinetic energy, move around more and become more randomly arrnged and further apart.
when you change from gas to liquid to solid
the particles lose kinetic energy, move less and become more regularly arranged and closer together