Comprehensive Ecology and Biodiversity Key Concepts for Students

species

entire range of a specific animal

Population

specific area

life history

1.Generation time

2. Number of Offspring

3. Care of Offspring

4. Size/Survival of Offspring

r species

early, lots (also growth rate)

k species

once (also carrying capacity)

how are new species made

larger range (lower interactions)

what are the criteria for a population

demography, Survivorship, Calculating Size

mark n capture

Mark 100 animals (=X% of total pop'n)

Capture 100 animals; 10 marked

What is total size of population?

1000=100x10

extinction event

"The 6th Extinction" • Anthropocene Extinction • Holocene Extinction (over 10k years)

Classification/Taxonomy

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

scientific name

Genus + species = Scientific Name

best biodiversty

species

Ecology: •

the study of relationships in an environment

Population Ecology =

population interating within eachother

Community Ecology =

ALL the populations in an area (interacting)

Ecosystem Ecology =

community + abiotic factors

virus vs bacteria

virus=not alive (infect)

define life

Ability of organism to maintain HOMEOSTASIS

homeostasis

The use of energy to maintain a set of conditions inside a cell/organism, different from external environment

enegry

METABOLISM (chemical reactions using PROTEINS)

1. Competition

(-,-)

Predation

(+,---)

. Parasitism

(+,-)

Mutualism/"Symbiosis"

(+,+)

Commensalism

(+,0)

intraspecific comp

same species

interspecific comp

different species

Competitive Exclusion Principle

dont want to be eating at same time

specialization

resource Partitioning

ways to avoid predation

Camouflage, Advertise Danger, Divert Att'n, Play Dead, Mobbing(zebra), Mimic

predator prey co-evolution

1 energy, one resist

parasites

most successful (more biodiversity)

Altruism??

Reduction of energy in one, to increase energy of another

community

all in area ( biomass=dominate species)

community structure (zones of grass 2 trees)

Pioneer Species, Climax Species

Establishment Inhibition Facilitation

r

(b+i)-(d+e)/n

b = birth

d = death

i = immigration

e = emigration

n = starting pop'n

nitrogen

air, build proteins

phosporus

rocks- for cell energy (fertilzer)

temp/height

rainforest, temparate forest, taiga, tundra, polar ice.

freshwater ecosystem zones

Photic zone (light, warmth, aeration)

Aphotic zone (nutrients fall down)

benthic=lowest zone

Littoral zone = photic+benthic (closest to shore)

Thermal stratification & mixing (sunlight)

toxicants

(Pesticides, etc.)

Heavy Metals (mercury, lead)

Endocrine Disruptors (Phthalates (plastic) & BPA, PFAS, PPCPs)

Carcinogens (Dioxins, PCBs & other commercial solvents)

reasons/premisies

claim/concusuion (logical)

deductive reasoning

makes sence ( general rule- people buy food they like so they must like macdonalds)

inductive

reasoning for eveidence (9/10 speeding cars are red, next will be to)-likelyhood

abductive

makes most sence, most lilkey will happen that way

how to write scientific question

• falsifiable

• objective (no bias)

• repeatable

• measurable