AP Biology CRAM Session

Vocabulary flashcards from AP Biology lecture notes.

Testosterone oxido-reductase

A liver enzyme that regulates testosterone levels in alligators.

Insulin

A protein hormone that is secreted in response to elevated blood glucose levels and acts as a ligand.

Cellular Respiration

The metabolic pathways of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, in which carbohydrates and other metabolites are oxidized, and the resulting energy-transfer reactions support the synthesis of ATP

Glycolysis

First occurred in a common ancestor of all living organisms.

Sickle-cell disease

Genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin beta gene (HBB).

HbA allele

Encodes wild-type hemoglobin.

HbS allele

Encodes the sickle-cell form of hemoglobin.

Contractile Vacuole

A measure of how much the rate of contraction decreases as osmolarity increases in paramecia.

Glucose molecule

States atoms are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C, H, and O) and are held together by covalent bonds.