APUSH Presidents Review (harder set)

George Washington

Establishment of Precedents and Presidential Norms

George Washington

Construction of Cabinet

George Washington

Judiciary Act is Passed

George Washington

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

James Monroe

Pledged to stay out of Europe’s affairs, but the US could no longer be colonized (*last name* Doctrine)

Martin Van Buren

He changed politics in the 1820s - demanding party discipline for Jackson - but the Panic of 1837 "ruined" his own term:

John Quincy Adams

With his father, he was one of the few early US Presidents who didn't own slaves; in fact, he advocated abolitionism:

Andrew Jackson

When Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the Indian Removal Act was unconstitutional, this US President ignored him:

Thomas Jefferson

Fearful the purchase may be unconstitutional due to his strict constructionist beliefs, he bought the Louisiana in 1803:

John Adams

Although he bitterly opposed the new President, after the Election of 1800, he facilitated a peaceful transfer of power:

George Washington

Bill of Rights were ratified by Congress

James Madison

Father of the Constitution

James Madison

Author of the Bill of Rights

James Monroe

He signed off on the Missouri Compromise in 1820 - 1821 - the 1st attempt to negotiate a solution to the slavery debate

John Quincy Adams

He benefited from 1824's "Corrupt Bargain." After promising Henry Clay the Sec. of State position, he became POTUS.

Andrew Jackson

He was accused of acting like a king since he used the VETO so often - more than all prior POTUS combined

James K. Polk

Provoked war with Mexico, won the war, and then forced the sale of the Mexican Cession, including CA

Andrew Jackson

Used patronage, or the "Spoils System" to reward political supporters and allies

James K. Polk

Acquired Texas, the Oregon Country, and most of the American Southwest, doubling the US's territory:

George Washington

His Farewell Address, written by Alexander Hamilton, encouraged Americans to avoid foreign entanglements in Europe

John Adams

On his last night as POTUS, he tried to appoint dozens of federal judges - leading to 1803's Marbury V. Madison ruling

Thomas Jefferson

He organized the Corps of Discovery Expedition to explore LA, find the NW passage, and claim western lands in Oregon

Millard Filmore

He was in office when the Compromise of 1850 was hashed out in Congress

Millard Filmore

Was in office when the Treaty of Kanagawa was negotiated

Franklin pierce

“doughfaced” president

Franklin Pierce

he did very little to lower tensions after "Bleeding Kansas" erupted

Grover Cleveland

The Pullman Strike staggered the US. He sent in the Army to restore order

Benjamin Harris

While he was POTUS, the Wounded Knee Massacre killed over 200 Hunkpapa Sioux

Benjamin Harris

ND, SD, MT, ID, WA, & WY became states during this presidency

James Buchanan

After the Election of 1860, 7 states left the Union and formed the Confederacy. This President did nothing in response

Abraham Lincoln

He wrote the Emancipation Proclamation & promoted the 13th Amendment:

Abraham Lincoln

He was not an abolitionist when elected

Andrew Johnson

Rescinded Sherman's 40 Acres

Andrew Johnson

Mule Order

Andrew Johnson

Vetoed the Freedman's Bureau

Andrew Johnson

Impeached for violating Tenure of Office Act; not removed from office

Chester Arthur

This "accidental" President replaced Garfield after his murder

Chester Arthur

He signed the Pendleton Act for Civil Service reform

Chester Arthur

Signed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Grover Cleveland

He was a popular POTUS, winning the popular vote three times.

Grover Cleveland

The Dawes Act he signed caused turmoil on reservations

Ulysses S. Grant

His time in office saw the Transcontinental RR completed

Ulysses S Grant

The 14th and 15th Amendments ratified

Ulysses S. Grant

The was KKK crushed and he limited power of white supremacist groups

Rutherford B. Hayes

In the controversial Election of 1876, he gained the Presidency in exchange for a promise to end the Reconstruction Era

James A. Garfield

Pledged Civil Service Reform

James A. Garfield

Shot to death by Charles Guiteau, a disgruntled office seeker

Franklin Pierce

He saw division erupt - "Bleeding Kansas," the caning of Charles Sumner, and threats of secession began

James Buchanan

He pledged support for SCOTUS's Dred Scott ruling blindly

James Buchanan

His response to John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry was weak

Abraham Lincoln

He instituted a draft, suspended the writ of habeas corpus, and routinely ignored the Constitution

Andrew Johnson

He opposed citizenship and voting rights for African Americans

Ulysses S. Grant

Had a corrupt cabinet - The Whiskey Ring - and Credit-Mobilier:

Grover Cleveland

He was an Anti-Imperialist, and refused to annex Hawaii in 1893, because the US-led junta lacked the people's consent

William McKinley

After the sinking of the Maine - and months of yellow journalism - this POTUS asked Congress to declare war vs. Spain

Grover Cleveland

He and Donald Trump are the only two POTUS to serve non-consecutive terms as POTUS. His were 1885-1889 and 1893-1897

Abraham Lincoln

He fired Gen. George McClellan in 1862, then beat him in the Election of 1864, securing Union victory in the Civil War

Ulysses S. Grant

He advocated for African-American rights, but his reservation policy after Little Bighorn caused brutal dispossession

Rutherford B. Hayes

The US gov't ended policies to protect Freemen during his term, which lead to the RR Strike of 1877

Andrew Johnson

The most hated POTUS in US History: The North hated him for being a Democrat; the South hated him for betraying them

Abraham Lincoln

His greatest speech was a 2-minute address dedicating a cemetery in a PA township: "Four score and seven years ago..."

Dwight D. Eisenhower

He was the POTUS when the Supreme Court handed down the Brown V. Board of Ed. decision - and he enforced the ruling

William McKinley

He was an imperialist who annexed Hawaii and fought against Spain to take colonies in Guam, PR, and the Philippines:

Theodore Roosevelt

Square Deal focused on consumer rights, workers rights, regulating businesses and preserving the environment:

Harry S. Truman

Authorized the use of the atomic bomb over Japan in WWII

Harry S. Truman

Authorized the Marshall Plan to fight communism:

William Howard Taft

This President broke up more trusts than TR in his four years in office; after the Presidency, he served on the SCOTUS

Franklin D. Roosevelt

New Deal Programs gave relief for struggling Americans, created jobs, and regulated banks and the stock markets:

Woodrow Wilson

His 1916 campaign slogan was, "He Kept Us Out of War." In January 1917, he asked for a declaration of war vs. Germany

Warren G. Harding

This Presidency was filled with corruption: The Teapot Dome Scandal and the VA Scandal

Herbert Hoover

Ordered the army to steamroll the Bonus Army's shantytown in Washington, DC after the Depression began

Calvin Coolidge

Laissez-faire, isolationist, he was "Silent" when Sacco & Vanzetti were condemned to die

William Howard Taft

Favored ratifying the 16th & 17th Amendments

William Howard Taft

Advocated "Dollar Diplomacy" in Latin America:

Woodrow Wilson

He created a 14-Point Plan to end WWI

Woodrow Wilson

Established the League of Nations

Woodrow Wilson

"Make the World Safe for Democracy!

Dwight D. Eisenhower

This Cold War Era President helped to create NASA to explore space

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Created the Interstate Highway System to explore America

Harry S. Truman

He was the POTUS during the Korean War, and in the middle of the war, he fired General MacArthur for insubordination

Franklin D. Roosevelt

He supported US entry into WW II by passing the Lend-Lease Act and signing the Atlantic Charter with Winston Churchill

Herbert Hoover

He was the unlucky President in office on October 29th, 1929 when the Stock Market crashed, ushering in the Depression

Harry S. Truman

At the urging of Asa Philip Randolph and all African American soldiers, this POTUS integrated the US military in 1948

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Issued E.O. # 9066 in 1942 to imprison Japanese-Americans in internment camps during World War II

Franklin D. Roosevelt

When the SCOTUS ruled several of his programs unconstitutional, he suggested "the Court Packing Plan" to add 6 Justices

Dwight D. Eisenhower

His "Massive Retaliation" policy would use atomic weapons against US enemies

Dwight D. Eisenhower

He created the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion

Harry S. Truman

When Josef Stalin tried to blockade Berlin, this POTUS said: "We stay in Berlin, period!" and the Berlin Airlift began

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Did not favor laissez-faire economies (no government interference with the economy)

Theodore Roosevelt

After reading The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair, he proposed both The Pure Food & Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act

William McKinley

This US President made the decision to colonize the Philippines in 1898

William McKinley

He was assassinated by an anarchist in 1901

Theodore Roosevelt

"Big Stick" Diplomacy

Theodore Roosevelt

The construction of the Panama Canal - and creation of Panama

President of the United States in 1900

William McKinley

President of the United States in 1907

Theodore Roosevelt

President of the United States in 1918

Woodrow Wilson

President of the United States in 1944

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President of the United States in 1953

Dwight D. Eisenhower

John F. Kennedy

The US avoided nuclear war in 1962, when this POTUS meets with Premier Nikita Khrushchev over missiles in Cuba