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Basic feed manufacturing
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What are the basic steps to feed manufacturing? (6)
1. Receiving
2. Grinding
3. Mixing
4. Liquid application
5. Pelleting/extracting
6. bagging
What qualities are evaluated for receiving feed?
- The ingredient being received (liQUID OR SOLID)
- Dust management
- feed sampling
- flowability
What is flowability?
How well feedstuff could be transferred (is it oily, sticky, heavy)
Define Grinding
Particle size reduction
What are the benefits of grinding?
increases nutrient utilization, decreases sorting (when pelleted), and increases DMI.
What are two types of grinding mechanisms?
Roller Mill and Hammermill
What are the positives of roller mill grinding?
- more uniform particle size
- quieter in the mill
- can also be used for steam conditioning (steam cripping, steam rolling, and dry rolling)
What is a negative of roller mill grinding?
more difficult maintenance
What are the positives of Hammermill grinding?
- More diverse particle size
-Easier to maintain
- can handle a wider variety of feedstuff (High vs. Low fiber)
What are the negatives of Hammermill grinding?
- more noise
-cheaper
For cracking grains the size of the _______________ on the hammermill determines output size of grains
screens
For steam rolling/ crimping the ________________________ placement (distance) and speed are adjusted to how your feed comes out
roller pins
List the type of mixers
- Horizontal double ribbon mixer
- Counterpoise Ribbon maker
- Paddle Mixer (mixing oil or molasses)
-Rotating drum mixer (vitamins and minerals)
-Vertical mixer
Mixing can impact a mills ___________________ as well as product _______________
efficiency and quality
How long should it take for feedstuff to be mixed together?
<10% coefficient of variation
When loading for mixing you put the ____________ quality first
largest
How do you know that your mixer is full enough?
You should see the tops of the ribbons in the mixers
How long should you mix dry fed?
60-120 seconds
How long should you mix wet-fed?
120-180 seconds
Descibe the pelling process
1. Ground feed in conditioned with steam
2. Mixture enters feeder
3. pushed by rollers through pellet die in the center
4. Pellet knife cut pellets to desired length
What is extrusion?
extreme steam and pressure causes the gelatinization of starch and extreme unfolding of proteins that creates a dough
BALANCING EQUINE RATIONS
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What can be the limiting factor for maintaining gut health in horses?
forage consumption
What percentage of forage do the following classifications horses take in per day:
Maintenance:
Performance:
Breeding:
Growth:
Maintenance: 1.5%- 2.5% of Body weight
Performance: 1.0%-2.0% of Body weight
Breeding: 1.5%-3.0% of Body weight
Growth: 1.0%-2.0% of Body weight
What is the minimum percent of forage that should be fed of body weight per day?
0.35% to 0.5%
What is the normal recommendation percent of forage that should be fed of body weight per day?
0.5%- 1.0%
What is the second principle for balancing equine rations?
Balance for energy
For Maintenance and Early/Mid-gestation concentrates are typically ___________________BW/day
Concentrates are typically 0.1% - 0.5% BW/day
For Late Gestation concentrates percentages (energy rations) ranges from ______________________BW/day
0.1% to 1.0%
For Performance energy concentrates percentages (energy rations) ranges Ranges from _______________________ BW/day
0.5% - 1.25%
What are 3 types of concentrates>
1. Ration Balancers/Pre-Mixes
2.Concentrates
3. Complete Feed
