Applied Animal Nutrition Practical

Basic feed manufacturing

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What are the basic steps to feed manufacturing? (6)

1. Receiving

2. Grinding

3. Mixing

4. Liquid application

5. Pelleting/extracting

6. bagging

What qualities are evaluated for receiving feed?

- The ingredient being received (liQUID OR SOLID)

- Dust management

- feed sampling

- flowability

What is flowability?

How well feedstuff could be transferred (is it oily, sticky, heavy)

Define Grinding

Particle size reduction

What are the benefits of grinding?

increases nutrient utilization, decreases sorting (when pelleted), and increases DMI.

What are two types of grinding mechanisms?

Roller Mill and Hammermill

What are the positives of roller mill grinding?

- more uniform particle size

- quieter in the mill

- can also be used for steam conditioning (steam cripping, steam rolling, and dry rolling)

What is a negative of roller mill grinding?

more difficult maintenance

What are the positives of Hammermill grinding?

- More diverse particle size

-Easier to maintain

- can handle a wider variety of feedstuff (High vs. Low fiber)

What are the negatives of Hammermill grinding?

- more noise

-cheaper

For cracking grains the size of the _______________ on the hammermill determines output size of grains

screens

For steam rolling/ crimping the ________________________ placement (distance) and speed are adjusted to how your feed comes out

roller pins

List the type of mixers

- Horizontal double ribbon mixer

- Counterpoise Ribbon maker

- Paddle Mixer (mixing oil or molasses)

-Rotating drum mixer (vitamins and minerals)

-Vertical mixer

Mixing can impact a mills ___________________ as well as product _______________

efficiency and quality

How long should it take for feedstuff to be mixed together?

<10% coefficient of variation

When loading for mixing you put the ____________ quality first

largest

How do you know that your mixer is full enough?

You should see the tops of the ribbons in the mixers

How long should you mix dry fed?

60-120 seconds

How long should you mix wet-fed?

120-180 seconds

Descibe the pelling process

1. Ground feed in conditioned with steam

2. Mixture enters feeder

3. pushed by rollers through pellet die in the center

4. Pellet knife cut pellets to desired length

What is extrusion?

extreme steam and pressure causes the gelatinization of starch and extreme unfolding of proteins that creates a dough

BALANCING EQUINE RATIONS

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What can be the limiting factor for maintaining gut health in horses?

forage consumption

What percentage of forage do the following classifications horses take in per day:

Maintenance:

Performance:

Breeding:

Growth:

Maintenance: 1.5%- 2.5% of Body weight

Performance: 1.0%-2.0% of Body weight

Breeding: 1.5%-3.0% of Body weight

Growth: 1.0%-2.0% of Body weight

What is the minimum percent of forage that should be fed of body weight per day?

0.35% to 0.5%

What is the normal recommendation percent of forage that should be fed of body weight per day?

0.5%- 1.0%

What is the second principle for balancing equine rations?

Balance for energy

For Maintenance and Early/Mid-gestation concentrates are typically ___________________BW/day

Concentrates are typically 0.1% - 0.5% BW/day

For Late Gestation concentrates percentages (energy rations) ranges from ______________________BW/day

0.1% to 1.0%

For Performance energy concentrates percentages (energy rations) ranges Ranges from _______________________ BW/day

0.5% - 1.25%

What are 3 types of concentrates>

1. Ration Balancers/Pre-Mixes

2.Concentrates

3. Complete Feed