1.4 Carbs APBIO

Carbs basics

• organic molecules characterized by carbon atoms 

• mad from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

• functions as fuel for structural sugars

• essential for our bods

Monosaccarides

• monomers of carbs

• has glucose and fructose

• linked by covelent bonds through dehydration synthesis to form di/poly saccharides

• linear or cyclic

Disaccharides

• important for energy supply and transport

• in sucrose, fructose, and maltose

• Formed when 2 monosaccarides form covalent bonds

• they are joined together by dehydration synthesis

• the bond can be broken by hydrolysis

Polysaccharides

• linkage of multiple monosaccharides

• polymers of carbs, also called simple sugars 

• can form a linear line or be branched 

• Cellulose: linear, forms plant cell walls, dietary fibers, can NOT be digested by humans and most animals. 

• Starch: linear or branched, composed of glucose molecules, used for energy storage.

• Glycogen: Highly linear, energy storage molecule, stores glucose in muscle or liver or humans and animals.