AP World Exam #1

Key words you'll need to know, but you should study a bit more than just this

Confucanism

Reality is hierarchical. Everyone has a place in society and everyone needs to stay there to create balance

Civil Service Exammination

Test you had to pass to work in imperial bureaucracy. Needed to master confucanism for this

Song Dynasty

Developed a state structure where state oversight was divided into 6 apparentments

Gunpowder

Discovered accidentally by alchemists (FMA?) and first used for fireworks

Japan

Tired to fight back Chinese influence, but ultimately couldn’t escape

Buddhism

Came to China via India and converted into many forms

Mahayana

Vietnamese form of Buddhism. Turned it from atheistic to diety oriented

Mandate of Heaven

Good ruler is “chosen by gods” and visr versa

Dar-al-Islam

“Everywhere Islam is”

Delhi Sultinate

Muslim political state established in 1206 after Turkish Mulsims decided to invade India.

Turkish Mulsims

Became the 3rd major Islam carrier group, along with Arabs and Persians

Hinduism

Polytheistic, many depictions of gods, caste (social hierarchy). Was prevalent in India even with the Delhi Sultanate

Islam

Monotheistic, no images of Allah, equality

Sufis

A group of Mulism missionaries who embraced a sympathetic form of Islam

Vijayanagara Empire

Two brothers went to Southern India and converted to Islam for power. When they returned, the went back to Hinduism and and established it

Hindu Beliefs

“Through Samsara, the Atman seeks Moksha escape the material world and become one with Brahma, but the pace of this process depends on karma.

Bhakti Movement

12 century: Hindu believers emphasizing the emotional side of devotion and 1 god of tons of Hindu gods

Caste System

Divides people into 5 groups depending on karma and you can’t move from your group

Southeast Asia

Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia and Loas

Majapahit Kingdom

One of the many sea-based powers in Southeast Asia; established in 1293. Mainted power by controlling sea-routes and was based off of Island of Java

Khmer Empire

One of many land empires by Southeast Asia. Flourished due to complex irrigation and drainage system traveling through Mekong River

Mississippan Culture

First large scale civilization in North America. Built huge mounds for religious, ceremonial or sometimes elite residential purposes

Cahoka

Settlement in what is now south Illinois. Had a rigid class sys of going Great Sun —>Priest and Nobles—> Commoners. Abandoned around 1450

Chaco and Mesa Verde (What is now Southern America)

Lived in arid and treeless portions of fair land and built their homes on the side of cliffs. Climate got drier by 1300 and they went extinct

Aztecs/Mexicans (What is now Central America)

Central was Tenochtitlan. Conqured much of Mesoamerica and controlled subjects via tribute system

Tribute System 

Payment conquered people had to pay for the privilege of being conquered. Allowed Aztecs to assert political dominance w/o direct involvement 

Africans

Had a kin-based network instead of centralized governments. Each was led by a chief, and each chief part of a loose federation formed councils to solve problems

Hausa Kingdom

Ethnic group formed 7 specialized states connected via kinship ties

Trans-Saharan Trade system

Network of trading routes across the Great desert. Hausa Kingdom benefited tons from this

Griotts

Storytellers who talked about their tribes history and lineage. Had a prophetic type of presence

Byzantine Empire

Western half of Roman empire that continued in the East. Europe dived culturally and politically from 476-1000

Feudalism/Dark Ages

System of mutual obligations between classes

Serfs

Peasants. Lowest in feudalism layers. It goes King, Lords, Knights then Peasants

High Middle Ages

1000-1450. Kings could consolidate more power and land to establish large bureaucracies and armies

Magna Carta

Signed in 1215. Facilitated power shifting back to noble class, and gave them right to jury trial and property inheritance

English Parliament

Party representing interest of noble class

Crusades

12th century. Pope and bishops asked Christians to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslims. Said it would make getting into heaven easier

Roman Catholic Church

Established during the 13th century. Led to an increase of religious philosophers. Art drawn for it was made for illiterate presents.

Marco Polo

Left Italy to explore and ended up in China. Wrote an account on his travels, interesting Europeans in mapmaking and cartography

Bourgeoise/Middle Class

Not as rich as nobles but not poor like peasents

Renaissance

Post 1300s. Rebirth of ancient Roman culture, art and literature