chapter 9 - micronutrients and hydration

metabolism

all of the chemical reaction that occur in the body to maintain itself

what do micronutrients include

vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients

what are phytonutrients

plant-based nutrients

why are micronutrients not considered an energy source

they do not provide any calories

what are the two groups of vitamins

fat soluble and water soluble

what are the fat soluble vitamins

A, D, E and K

what are the water soluble vitamins

C and B

fat soluble vitamins

require fat for digestion and absorption; they travel through the lymphastic system and circulate with other fat-soluble nutrients to the liver where they are repackaged with lipoproteins and redistributed to other organs and tissues

where are fat-soluble vitamins stored

liver and adipose tissue

what are the functions of water in the body

regulation of body temp

transport and distribution of water-soluble nutrients

maintenance of blood vol

lubrication of joints, membranes, and synovial tissue

shock absorption

removal of waste matter and toxins

what effects can dehydration have on the body

increased HR

higher body temp

higher rate of perceived exertion

inc use of muscle glycogen

lower blood vol

dec CO

dec blood flow

lower rate of perspiration

heat exhaustion

a condition that occurs when the body becomes overheated. it can occur from dehydration in a hot climate.

what are symptoms of heat exhaustion

heavy sweating, rapid pulse, low BP, nausea, dizziness, muscle cramps

heatstroke

a condition that can develop if heat exhaustion is not treated quickly.

what are heatstroke symptoms

HA, fever, confusion and disorientation, and flushed skin. medical emergency

electrolytes

minerals that have an electrical charge to help transmit nerve impulses throughout the body such as sodium, potassium and chloride

hypotonic

a solution with a lower solute load/concentration than body fluids

isotonic

a solution with a similar solute load/concentration as body fluids

hypertonic

a solution with a higher solute load/concentration than body fluids