Dofka 2

suture

a line where two or more bones unite in an immovable joint, several main sutures are located in the cranium

coronal suture

junction of the frontal and the parietal bones; this area is soft at birth and shortly afterward, and it has been called the babys soft spot or fontanel

sagittal suture

the union line betwwen the two parietal bones on the top of the skull

lambdoid suture

located between the parietal bone and the upper border of the occipital bone

temporoparietal suture

located between the temporal and parietal bones; also known as the squamous suture

process

a projection or outgrowth of bone or tissue

symphysis

in the center of the mandible, forms the chin, and is called the mental or chin protuberance

alveolar process

bone growth or border of the maxilla and the mandible; makes up and forms the tooth socket

condyloid process

posterior growth on the ramus of the mandible; articulates with the temporal bone in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

coronoid process

anterior growth on the ramus of the mandible that serves as the attachment position for the temporalis muscle

frontal process

the projection of maxilla meeting with the frontal bone to form the eye orbit

mastoid process

growth on the temporal bone behind the ear that is used for muscle attachment

pterygoid process

growth of the sphenoid bone extending downward from the bone; the most inferior end of the process is known as the pterygoid hamulus, a hook-like end that serves as a site for muscle attachment

styloid process

small, pointed growth from the lower border of the temporal bone, serves as a bone position for attachment of some tongue muscles.

foramen

an opening or hole in the bone for nerve and vessel passage

magnum foramen

opening in the occipital bone for spinal cord passage; largest of all foramina

mandibular foramen

located on the lingual side of the ramus of the mandible; permits nerve and vessels passage to teeth and mouth tissues

mental foramen

opening situated on left and the right anterior areas of the mandible; used for passage of nerve and vessels

mandible

the strong, horseshoe-shaped bone that forms the lower jaw

incisive foramen

opening in the maxilla behind the central incisors on the eye orbit

supraorbital foramen

an opening in the frontal bone above the eye orbit

infraorbital foramen

an opening in the maxilla under the eye orbit

palatine foramen

anterior and posterior openings in the hard palate

zygomaticofacial foramen

an opening in the zygomatic bone

periosteum

forms a lining on all surfaces, except the areas of articulation

lingual foramen

small opening in the center of the mental spine for nerve passage to the incisor area.

masticatory mucosa

elastic type of mucous membrane that undergoes stress and pull; located around the alveolar area of the teeth and lines the hard palate

squamous

covered with or consisting of scales

ramus

ascending part of the mandible that arises from the curved, lower arch

angle of the mandible

area along the lower edge of the mandible where the upward curve of the mandible forms

sigmoid notch

S-shaped curvature between the condyle and coronoid processes; upper border of the mandible; also called the mandibular notch

mylohyoid ridge

bony ridge on the lingual surface of the mandible

oblique line

slanted, bony growth ridge on the facial side of the mandible

retromolar area

space located to the rear of the mandibular molars

glenoid

aka mandibular fossa; the condyle of the mandible rests in this depression of the temporal bone

articular

relating to a joint or joints

maxilla

two large facial bones, one under each eye, that unite in the center in the median suture to form the upper jaw that supports the maxillary teeth in the alveolar process. Also present in this bone is the maxillary sinus (Atrium of Highmore), and the infraorbital frenum under each eye that permits the passage of nerves.

sinus

is an air pocket or cavity in a bone that lightens the bone, warms the air intake, and helps form sounds

mastication

chewing

temporal muscle

fan-shaped muscle; elevates and lowers the jaw and can draw the mandible backward

masseter

the muscle that closes the mouth; the principle mastication muscle

internal pterygoid mastication

muscle that opens the jaw and thrusts the mandible forward; assists with lateral movement

orbicularis oris muscle

aka the kissing muscle; a circular muscle surrounding the mouth that compacts, compresses and protrudes the lips

buccinator muscle

principal cheek muscle; compresses the cheek, expels air through the lips and aids in food mastication

mentalis muscle

muscle of the chin (mental) that moves the chin tissue and raises or lowers the lower lip

Parotid salivary gland

largest gland, located near the ear, produces serus saliva that empties into the mouth near the maxillary second molar through the Stenson's duct. This gland becomes swollen when infected with mumps

submandibular salivary gland

a smaller gland located on the lower side of the face that secretes mucin and serus fluids with enzymes; empties through the submandibular duct (Wharton duct) openings in the small fleshy growths, called caruncles. These growths may be seen under the tongue on each side of the lingual frenum

sublingual salivary gland

smallest major salivary gland, situated in the floor of the mouth; secretes mucin through multiple ducts; many other small glands are nearby, and they function to keep the mouth tissues moist

tonsil

lymphatic tissue masses found in the posterior and anterior fauces (palatine tonsil) and on the back of the tongue (lingual tonsil). Tonsils act as filters, aid in the production of disease-fighting immune responses, and may help immunity

jugular

carries blood from the head to the heart through two divisions

oris

lip

lacrimal

two small bones, one each on the inner side or nose site of the orbital cavity, that make up the corner of the eye where the tear ducts are located.

vomer

a single bone that forms the lower posterior part of the nasal septum and separates the nose into two chambers

parietal

two bones, one on each side, that make up the roof and side walls covering the brain

frenum

the tongue and each lip and cheek attach to the oral membrane with a triangular pieces of tissue

lateral

side, position on the side; second tooth from midline

lingual frenum

attaches the lower side of the tongue to the floor membrane. If the lingual frenum is too short, ankyloglossia, a "tongue tied" condition can result

buccal

carries sensation from and attaches to the inside of the cheek to the oral cavity in the maxillary first molar area

glossa/tongue

strong muscular organ that aids in chewing, talking, and deglutition.

median sulcus

divides the tongue's top surface into two parts

palate

roof of the mouth; two main divisions are the hard and soft palate

hard palate

composed of the palatine processes of the maxillae bones; covered with mucous membrane and has the following features

ridge

linear elevation

incisive papilla

tissue growth that is situated at the anterior portion of the palate behind th emaxillary centrals; the site for infiltration injection of local anesthesia

palatine raphe

white streak in the middle of the palate; ridge or union between two bones/tissues

sphenoid

a large bat-shaped bone at the base of the skull between the occipital and ethmoid in front, and the parietal and temporal bones at each side

uvula

tissue structure hanging from the palate in the posterior of the oral cavity

vestibule

open gum and tissue area between the teeth and the cheek

fauces

constricted opening or passage leading from the mouth to the oral pharynx, bound by the soft palate, the base of tongue, and the palatine arches. The fauces are considered two pillars of mucous membranes:

glossopalatine arch

anterior pillars

pharyngopalatine

posterior pillars. The palatine tonsils lay between these pillars

Anosima

loss of sense of smell

Arch

curved or bow-like, one half of the mouth; may be maxilla or mandible

abducens

lateral eye sense and movement

anterior

pertaining to above

articulate (verb)

come together in a pattern or design

anopia

blindness

atrium

a cavity that is easily seen

articular eminence

forms anterior boundary of the glenoid fossa and helps to maintain the mandible in position

ethmoid bone

Spongy bone between both eye sockets that forms part of the nasal cavity

external pterygoid muscle

muscle that opens the jaw and thrusts the mandible forward; assists with lateral movement

external auditory meatus

a large opening in the temporal bone used for the passage of auditory nerves and vessels.

condyle of mandible

rests in a depression in the temporal bone called the glenoid (mandibular fossa)

cranium

the portion of the skull that encloses the brain

dorsal

pertaining to the back

facial

taste sense and facial expression

fossa

shallow, rounded, irregular depression or concavity found on lingual surface of anteior teeth and on occlual surface of posterior teeth

Glossapharyngeal

taste sensation, swallowing, regulation of o2 and co2 breaths

pterygoid hamulus

a hook like end that serves as a site for muscle attachment

hyoid

a horseshoe-shaped bone lying at the base of the tongue, does not articulate with any other bone

Hypoglossal

body sensation, tongue movement in speech and swallowing

inferior

pertaining to below

mucosa

tissue lining on an orifice

medial

pertaining to near the middle of the body

nasal

two bones, one left and one right, that join side by side to form the arch or bridge of the nose

mandibular notch

small notch or depression in jaw edge

occipital

one large, thick bone in the lower back of the head that forms the base of the skull and contains a large opening for the spinal cord passage to the brain.

oculomotor

upper-eyelid and eyeball movement

olfactory

smell

optic

vision