ch 6: nomenclature of inorganic compounds

chemical nomenclature

systematic naming of chemical compounds

common names

historical names of compounds which are not based on systematic rules

ion

charged particles

-ide

change element ending to this when naming anions

group number

charge of metals (cations) =…

cations

metals form…

transition metals

charges vary

+1

group 1A and H

+2

Group 2A

+3

Group 3A (Al)

anions

nonmetals form…

8 - group number

for nonmetals (anions), charge =….

-3

group 5A

-2

group 6A

-1

group 7A

ionic compounds

contain both a cation and an anion

ionic compounds

must have a net charge of 0

metal ion, nonmetal ion

order to write formula for ionic compound

smallest whole numbers

combine each of these of each ion to provide an overall charge equal to 0

subscripts for each ion

write the compound formula for the metal and nonmetal using these determined from step 2

binary compounds

contain only two different elements

ionic binary compounds

can be further subdivided

binary compounds

can either be ionic or molecular

only one or multiple

subsets of binary compounds containing a metal which forms cation(s)

-ide

suffix for naming binary ionic compounds

roman numeral

use this directly after the metal in the compound name to specify the cation charge 

-ous, -ic

for metals that only form two cations, a latin root with either of these two suffixes can be used

mono

rarely used when naming molecular compounds

hydro-

prefix for naming binary acids

-ic

suffix for the second element of a binary acid

polyatomic

ion that contains two or more elements

oxyanions

polyatomic ions that contain oxygen

-ate

compounds containing more O atoms that -ite compounds

-ite

contain less O atoms than -ate compounds

per-

for this prefix, add one oxygen to the -ate root

hypo-

for this prefix, subtract one oxygen from the -ite root

acids

often begin with hydrogen

-ic

for naming oxyacids, change -ate ions to acids with this suffix

-ous

for naming oxyacids, change -ite ions to this suffix

-ic

contain more oxygen than -ous acids

-ous

contain less oxygen than -ic acids