First Line of Defense & Lymphatic system Review Questions

The bodys first line of defense includes which of the following?

Skin and mucous membranes

Which structures acts as a physical barrier to pathogens?

Skin

Mucus in the respiratory tract helps protect the body by:

Trapping pathogens

Tiny hair-like structures that move mucus out of the respiratory tract are called:

Cilia

which secretion contains enzymes that break down bacterial cell walls?

Salvia

Stomach acid protects the body by:

Destroying microorganisms

Which of the following is NOT a part of the first line of defense ?

Antibodies

Sweat helps protect the body because it:

Contains antimicrobial substances

The lymphatic system primarily helps the body:

Fight infections and maintain fluid balance

What is a lymph?

A fluid that circulates in lymphatic vessels

Lymphatic vessels transport lymph:

Toward the bloodstream

Lymph nodes function to:

Filter lymph and trap pathogens

Which cells are primarily responsible for immune responses in lymph nodes?

Lymphocytes

Swollen lymph nodes usually indicate:

Infection

Which organ filters blood and helps fight infections?

Spleen

The thymus is important because it:

Matures T cells

Tonsils help protect againts pathogens entering through the:

Mouth and nose

What is the main function of the lymphatic system in fluid balance?

Returning excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream

Which of the following is a chemical barrier of the first line of defense?

Stomach acid

How do lymphatic vessels differ from blood vessels?

They carry lymph in one direction toward the heart

A patient has severe burns covering large areas of skin. Which outcome is most directly related to loss of the first line of defense?

Increased risk of dehydration and infection

A drug that paralyzes cilia in the respiratory tract would most likely result in:

Reduced clearance of pathogens

Which scenario best demonstrates a failure of a chemical barrier?

Decreased stomach acid production

Why is mucus considered both beneficial and potentially harmful?

It can trap pathogens but also block airwars if excessive

A person taking antacid medication long-term may be more susceptible to infection because:

Reduced stomach acidity allows more pathogens to survive

Which of the following best explains why lymph nodes swell during infection?

Accumulation and activation of immune cells

If lymphatic vessels are blocked, what is the most likely result?

Tissue swelling

A scientist removes the thymus from a young animal. Which outcome is most likely?

Impaired T cell maturation

Which situation best illustrates the interaction betweeen the first line of defense and the lymphatic system?

Pathogens bypass skin and are filtered in lymph nodes

Why are lymphatic vessels considered a “one-way” system?

They return fluid to the bloodstream using valves

A person with chronic dry mouth may have increased infections because:

Saliva normally contains antimicrobial enzymes

Which of the following best predicts the effect of removing the spleen?

Reduced ability to filter pathogens from blood

How does sweating contribute to innate immunity beyond cooling the body?

It contains antimicrobial chemicals and lowers pH

A cut becomes infected and nearby lymph nodes enlarge. What sequence best explains this?

Barrier breach- Pathogen entry- Lymph filtration- immune activation

Which condition would most directly impair fat absorption in the digestive system?

Damaged lymphatic vessels in the small intestine

Why are tonsils strategically located at the entrance of the throat?

To detect and respond to inhaled or ingested pathogens

Which of the following best compares blood and lymphs?

Blood circulates in a closed enzyme; lymph moves in one direction

A patient has a genetic condition that prevents proper formation of lymphatic valves. What is the likely consequence?

Backflow of lymph and swelling

Which examples best demonstrates redundancy in the bodys defense?

Skin and mucus both acting as barriers

Why is the first line of defense considered “non-specific”

It responds the same way to all pathogens