Public Policy Analysis and Adminstration - lecture 2

The policy cycle model, theorised by Harold Lasswell

Why is the policy cycle useful?

It divides the policy cycle into distinct stages, making it possible to study each one independently

It is useful to understand how and where a problem happened

Which are the phases of the policy cycle?

1. Agenda setting: the problem emerges through experts, civil society or media. And the government decides to address it

2. Policy formulation: decision-makers examine different possible solutions and choose on option based on data analysis and the consultation of experts

3. Policy adoption: the decision is passed through an institution and the chosen policy becomes a law

4. Implementation: the policy stats exerting its effects in society

5. Evaluation: analysis of the extent to which the planed objectives have been achieved

Case study: reduction of greenhouse emissions

What is the European Green Deal?

The European Green Deal is a major ambitious policy aimed at making Europe climate-neutral by 2050

What are the final measures provided in the “Climate Law” (European Green Deal)?

• Carbon pricing

• Stimulation of renewable energy

• Investments in clean transports

What external shocks affected the implementation of the “Climate Law”?

• Global energy crisis (2021-2023)

• European farmers’ protest

• Poland’s reliance on coal

• Czech Republic’s demand for nuclear

• Italy’s industry concerns

What can be the common challenges in policy implementation?

• Resistance to. Change

• Budget constraints

• Intergovernmental coordination

What does effectiveness mean?

The extent to which policies achieve their initial objectives

What does efficiency mean?

Wether resources were utilised appropriately to implement the policies