Restoration

Richard Cromwell

The son of Oliver Cromwell, proclaimed Lord Protector after his father's death; had limited experience in government and faced many challenges, including opposition from the military.

Battle of the Dunes (1658)

A military victory for Cromwell's forces, symbolizing a temporary success in his leadership.

Lord Protector

The title given to Richard Cromwell when he assumed leadership, indicating a role similar to that of a head of state during the English Commonwealth.

Gentry and Merchant Classes

The social classes that generally welcomed Richard Cromwell's rule, providing him with support and loyalty.

Political Challenges for Cromwell

Struggled with a regime deep in financial crisis, dependence on loans, and lack of major initiatives despite effective government function.

Humble Petition

A document that described Cromwell's relationship with the army, indicating that it never fully recovered.

Booth's Rising

A failed uprising led by Booth in Cheshire aimed at restoring Charles II and calling for a free Parliament.

Derby Petition

A petition drafted by junior officers that urged for godly reform, condemned by Parliament.

Committee of Safety

An interim government body established following the Rump's dissolution, ultimately rejected by the public and military.

Declaration of Breda

A manifesto by Charles II that addressed grievances of subjects and asserted his intention not to rule as an absolutist.

Convention Parliament

The Parliament that assembled to discuss the conditions of restoring Charles II, not called by a king.

Charles II

The monarch who was restored to the throne in 1660, known for his political pragmatism and desire for stability.