AP Human Geography Unit 5: Agriculture and Rural Land Use Patterns and Processes

A set of flashcards covering key concepts from AP Human Geography Unit 5 on agriculture and rural land use.

What are the three variations in nutrition across the globe?

Level of development, physical conditions, cultural preferences.

Summarize U.S. jobs in the food industry.

Farming (crop and livestock production), food service jobs (restaurants, bars, lodging services), and manufacturing (producing goods in factories).

What is dietary energy consumption?

The amount of energy consumed by an individual through food.

Define malnutrition.

Deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person's intake of energy and nutrients.

What is food security?

Physical, social, and economic access to safe and nutritious food to meet dietary needs.

What is undernourishment?

A level of dietary energy consumption that is consistently below what is needed.

What is a cereal grain?

Seeds of grasses cultivated for food.

What is the recommended daily calorie consumption for adults?

18-2,400 for women and 2,200-3,000 for men.

What percent of the world's population does the UN estimate are undernourished?

9%.

Which two countries do 1/3 of undernourished people come from?

India and China.

What is the leading source of protein in developed countries?

Meat (beef, pork, poultry).

Using Figure 10-6, which regions show meat consumption at the lowest rates?

Africa, South Asia, West Asia.

What is the greatest challenge to world food security in the 21st Century?

Food prices.

What are the three main cereal grains that make up 90% of all grain production?

Wheat, maize, and rice.

Define the First Agricultural Revolution and its date.

Domestication of plants and animals around 8000 BCE.

What was the Second Agricultural Revolution and when did it occur?

Increase in agricultural productivity in the 17th century.

What is the Green Revolution and when did it take place?

Agricultural productivity increase due to technology in the second half of the 20th century.

What is the difference between subsistence and commercial agriculture?

Subsistence agriculture aims to produce food for the farmer's family; commercial agriculture aims for sale.

What percentage of the world's population today hunts and gathers?

0.005%.

What cultural factors may have contributed to the first agricultural revolution?

Preference for living in a fixed place.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

Transfer of plants, animals, people, and technology between the West Hemisphere and Europe.

Which two regions were most influenced by the Green Revolution?

Latin America and East Asia.

Which region did NOT benefit from the Green Revolution?

Sub-Saharan Africa.

What are the two main economic factors that influence what is grown in agriculture?

Cost of land and labor.

What are the characteristics of intensive subsistence agriculture?

Farmers expand large amounts of effort to produce maximum feasible yield from a small parcel of land.

Define and provide examples of extensive agriculture.

Characterized by low yield per acre with low capital and labor; examples include shifting cultivation.

What is transhumance?

Seasonal migration of livestock between pastures.

What is the 'dirty dozen' in organic farming?

The 12 fruits and vegetables most contaminated by pesticides.

What is the world's leading export crop?

Wheat.

What two cash crops are commonly grown in Mediterranean agriculture?

Olives and grapes.