Ch.5 Concentration

Concentration

Amount of solute per the amount of solution

Solubility

Whether a substance will dissolve in a solute

It increases in solubility

What happens when a solid increases in temperature?

No

Does pressure have an effect on a solid’s solubility?

An increase in solubility

A decrease in temp for gases means

An increase in solubility

For gas, an increase in pressure means

Saturated

The solute has been dissolved to the limit

Unsaturated

The solute has been dissolved lower than the limit

The extra solute will dissolve to the bottom

What happens if you add more solute to a saturated solution? The extra solute will dissolve to the bottom

The extra solute will dissolve

What happens if you add more solute to an unsaturated solution?

Hydrophobic

Water fearing and can not hydrogen bond

Hydrophilic

Water loving and can hydrogen bonding

Amount of Solute (g)/ Amount of Solution (mL)?

what is the concentration equation?

Molarity

Number of moles of solute in a solution

Molarity (M)=Moles of solute/1 L of solution

Molarity equation

The atomic number of an element

1 mole=

1 mole of a substance

Molar mass=

14.01 g/mol

What is the Molar mass of Nitrogen?

Mole/L

Molarity equation 2

Dilution

The process of adding water to reduce solute concentration

constant

During dilution, the number of moles or amount of solute is

C1 Concetration, V1 Volume

Higher concentration units

Dilution equation

C1 x V1= C2 x V2

Osmosis

Net movement of water through a semipermeable membrane

Isotonic

Equal concentration to blood cells

Moles of solute/molarity

Volume equation

Hypertonic

Higher solute concentration then blood cells

Hypotonic

Lower solute concentration than blood cells

Equivalent

The amount of any ion that has the same total charge of 1 mole of hydrogen ions.

Equal to the number of charges

The number of equivalents is

Equivalent equation

Mole (element) x Eq (Element)/Mole (element)

Concentration

The strength of the solution

Dialysis

The movement of solute particles across a semipermeable membrane

Diffusion

Spontaneous mixing of liquids or gases by random molecular motion

Reduce the concentration of a solution

What does dilution do?

Equivalent

A unit that measures the amount of charge in a solution that containes dissolved ions

Percent concentration

A concentration unit equal to the number of grams or militias of solute in 100 mL of solution

Volume percentage

The number of military of solute per 100 mL of solution, expressed as a percentage

Fat soluble vitamins

An organic compound that is a dietary requirement in small amounts and that dissolve in nonpolar liquids but not in water

Water soluble vitamin

An organic compound that is a required nutrient in small amounts and that dissolve well in water

Toni city

The relationship between the overall concentration of solutes in a solution and the normal concentration of a solution in intracellular fluid