[PT11] PT-Related Terms

Anorexia

Loss of appetite

Eupnea

Normal, effortless breathing

Orthopnea

Difficulty breathing in positions other than upright sitting and standing. Can’t breathe properly in supine position.

Pyrexia

Increased body temperature; fever

Valsalva Maneuver

An attempt to exhale forcibly with the glottis, nose, and mouth close; causes increased intrathoracic pressure, slowing of the pulse; decreased return of blood to the heart, and increased venous pressure

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder characterized by low weight, fear of gaining weight, and a strong desire to be thin.

Normal Breathing Pattern

12-20 CPM

Tachypnea

Increased rate in breathing. Common in patients with pneumonia, pulm edema, acidosis, septicemia. >20

Bradypnea

Decreased rate in breathing. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP).

Strain

Deformation to a material subject to loading, that is stress; can cause lengthening or shortening of the structure.

Stress

The internal load produced in a structure by an external force.

Arthrokinematics

The intrinsic, usually intracapsular, articular motion occurring between adjacent joint surfaces; a prerequisite to normal; pain free osteokinematics.

Osteokinematics

Movement occurring between bones.

Tensile Stress & Compressive Stress

Types of stress.

Dysdiadochokinesia

Impaired ability to perform rapid alternating movements.

Dysmetria

Impaired ability to judge the distance or range of a movement. Finger to nose test.

Hemiballismus

Sudden, jerky, forceful, wild, flailing motions of one side of the body.

Tremor

An involuntary oscillatory movement resulting from alternate contractions of opposing muscle groups.

Chorea

Involuntary, rapid, irregular, jerky movements; clinical feature of Huntington’s disease. (syn: choreiform movements)

Orbicularis Oculi

Muscles around the eyes.

Orbicularis Oris

Muscles around the mouth.

Asthenia

A condition in which the body lacks or has lost strength either as a whole or in any of its parts.

Occurs in chronic wasting diseases, sleep disorders, or chronic disorders of the heart, lungs, or kidneys, marked in diseases of the adrenal gland.

Athetosis

Slow, involuntary, writhing, twisting, wormlike movement; clinical feature of cerebral palsy.

Nystagmus

Rhythmic, oscillatory movement of the eyes. Horizontal, vertical, and tortional.

Akinesia

An inability to initiate movement; seen in the late stages of parkinsonism.

Jendrassik Maneuver

Method used to facilitate eliciting the deep tendon reflexes of the lower extremities; the patient hooks together the fingers of the hands and attempts to pull them apart. While the pressure is maintained, the reflex is tested.

Rigidity

Stiffness; inability to bend or be bent.

Spasticity

Increased tone or resistance of muscle causing stiff awkward movements; the result of an upper neuron lesion.

Tone (muscle)

The resistance of muscles to passive elongation or stretch.

Decerebrate Rigidity

Extension posturing. Extension of the upper and lower extremities

Decorticate Rigidity

Abnormal flexion. Flexion of the upper extremities but extension of lower extremities.

Nuchal Rigidity

Rigidity at the neck as it resists passive flexion.

Hermiplegia, Diplegia, and Quadriplegia

Types of spastic cerebral palsy.

Hemiplegia

Type of spastic cerebral palsy wherein arm, body, and leg affected on one side.

Diplegia

Type of spastic cerebral palsy wherein lower extremities are more affected than upper.

Quadriplegia

Type of spastic cerebral palsy wherein whole body is equally affected.

Spastic Gait

A walking abnormality related to certain medical conditions in which a person may appear to walk by dragging stiff leg due to spasticity.

(1) Flaccidity (2) Spasticity (3) Recovery

Stages of recovery in stroke patients.

Hypotonia

Decreased muscle tone.

- Glottis
- Nose
- Mouth

What is closed in the Valsalva Maneuver?

- Increased intrathoracic pressure
- Slowing of the pulse
- Decreased return of blood to the heart
- Increased venous pressure

What does Valsalva Maneuver cause?

Quiet breathing or resting respiratory rate

What is Eupnea sometimes known as?

Force/Cross-sectional Area

What is stress a quotient of?

Huntington's disease

What is Chorea a clinical feature of?

Choreiform movements

Synonym of Chorea

- Chronic wasting disorders
- Sleep disorders
- Chronic disorders of the heart, lung, or kidneys
- Diseases in the adrenal gland

When does general Asthenia occur?

Cerebral Palsy

What is Athetosis a clinical feature of?

Athetoid Movements

Synonym of Athetosis

- Horizontal
- Vertical
- Tortional

Types of Nystagmus movement

The late stages of Parkinsonism

Where is Akinesia seen?

The deep tendon reflexes of the lower extremities.

What does the Jendrassik maneuver facilitate?

An upper motor neuron lesion

What causes spasticity?

Extension posturing

Another term for decerebrate rigidity

Abnormal flexion

Another term for decorticate rigidity

Intracranial pressure

What does bradypnea increase?

In patients with pneumonia, pulmonary edema, acidosis, septicemia.

When does tachypnea commonly occur?

Strain

Injury of muscles and tendons (tendons connect muscle to bone)

Sprain

Injury of ligaments (ligaments connect bones to bones at joints)

Skilled Nursing Facility

SNF

Flaccidity

A stage of stroke characterized by a lack of voluntary movement.

Spasticity

A stage of stroke characterized by a feeling of unusually stiff, tight, to pulled muscles. It is caused by a damage from a stroke to nerve pathways within the brain or spinal cord that control muscle movement.

Recovery

A stage of stroke in which function gradually returns.

Voluntary UMN innervation of the arm 'overflows' to increase the excitability of the LMN pool of the lower extremities making it easier to elicit the reflex.

How does the Jendrassik Maneuver work?

Quadriceps Tendon

What is tapped to illicit deep tendon reflex?