semantics

semantic

literal meaning

speaker/pragmatic meaning

what is intended to communicate. semantic meaning +context.

semantic meaning

depends on morphological and syntactic structure of the sentence

lexical semantics

focuses on meanings of words and relationships among words meanings.

reference

simplest type of meaning an individual word can have

synonymy

words, phrases, or sentences with the same semantic meaning. eg song and tune.

antonymy

words, phrases, or sentences with the opposite semantic meaning. eg tall and short.

hyponymy

a word is a hyponym of another if its semantic meaning is more specific than the others. eg dog is hyponym of animal.

hypernymy

a word is a hypernym of another if its semantic meaning is more general than the others. eg animal is hypernym of dog.

ambiguity

a word, phrase, or sentence is semantically ambiguous if it has multiple semantic meanings. eg. bank is part of a river but also a financial institution.

thematic roles

part of a words meaning which indicates the roles that some entity plays in the action or relation which that word describes. often used to describe the lexical semantics of verbs.

agent

the doer of the action

patient

that which is acted upon

theme

something that moves as part of an action

source

location/individual from which movement occurs

goal

location/individual to which movement occurs

experiencer

someone who experiences something

instrument

something and agent uses to amke something happen

compositional semantics

the smallest building blocks of meaning

most basic subject

noun phrases with a referent in the real world

the most basic predicate

describes a set, of which the subject is a member.