Research and Exotic Animals Exam 2

Research and Exotic Animals Exam 2

1

Tips

2

jaws

3

box lock

4

shank

5

ring handle

6

ratchet

What is the purpose of hemostatic forceps?

clamp and hold tissues or vessels

Name the surgical instrument

Kelly Forceps

(only have grooves on the top half of the jaws)

Name the instrument

dressing forceps

Name the instrument

Allis forceps

What are these instruments used for?

Holding the scalpel blade

Name the instrument

Olson-Hegar needle holder

What is the first step in cleaning surgical instruments?

Rinse with cold water

Name the instrument

crile forceps

(have transverse grooves over the entire jaw)

Name the instrument

Rochester-Carmalt Forceps

(Longitudinal and transverse grooves on the first ¼ of the jaw and longitudinal grooves on last ¾ of the jaw)

Name the instrument

Rat Tooth Forceps

Name the instrument

Brown-Adson Forceps

Name the instrument

Jones towel forceps

Name the instrument

Mayo-Hegart needle holder

What are tail feathers called?

Retrices

Autoclaving utilized which type of sterilization?

Physical

How is asepsis routinely maintained around the surgical site?

Placing sterile drapes around the incision site

Which type of suture needle would be best when suturing intestines?

Taper-point

A dedicated space for rodent aseptic surgery should have which of the following characteristics:

separating of the functions of patient prep, surgery, and animal recovery

Large enough to accommodate the patient, supplies, equipment, and surgeon

Easily sanitized

Free of clutter

Which avian species has been used to study Hepatis B?

Ducks

Why is it important not to put pressure on the sternum when restraining birds?

They lack a diaphragm and need the sternum to move in order to breathe

What two statements are true about stainless steel surgical tables

They are easy to wash and sanitize

They can contribute to patient hypothermia

Why is a simple interrupted pattern of suturing recommended for the abdominal body wall?

It promotes faster tissue healing

Psittaciformes include what type of birds?

Parrots

Passeriformes include what type of birds?

Song birds (canaries, finches, crows)

Galliformes include what type of birds?

Poultry (chicken, turkey, quail)

Columbiformes include what type of birds?

Pigeons and doves

Anseriformes include what type of birds?

Ducks, geese, swans

What is the causative agent of Psitacine Beak and Feather Disease?

Circovirus

What is a designated surgical facility?

A suite of rooms used only for aseptic surgery

What is the preferred site for intramuscular injection in birds?

pectoral

While wearing a sterile surgical gown, what action can be performed without compromising sterility?

Clasp gloved hands together in front and above the waist

What is another name for the preen gland in avian species?

Uropygial gland

How many air sacs do birds have?

5

Which of the following sizes of suture has the largest diameter?

2-0

0

5-0

3-0

0

0 = ought. This has the largest diameter of the suture sizes listed. 

5-0 = 00000. This has the smallest diameter of the suture sizes listed.

True or false: Sex determination in a non-sexually dimorphic avian species can be done by visualizing external genitalia

False

The sternum of avian species has a large process that allows for attachment of large pectoral muscles needed for flight. What is this process of the sternum called?

Keel

When during the respiratory cycle does oxygen exchange occur in avian species?

Inhalation and exhalation

A bird presents to the clinic for a wellness visit. While performing a physical exam, you notice a fleshy presence in the nares. What should be done?

Nothing. The operculum is a fleshy part inside of the nares of avian species. This is normal and should not be disturbed. Attempts to remove it will lead to bleeding and damage.

Which kind of materials can be sterilized in an autoclave?

Endoscopes

stethoscopes

stainless steel instruments

plastic tubing

Stainless steel instruments

Why is it important to quickly treat broken blood feathers?

The bird can bleed to death

True or false: passerines with avian chlamydiosis are often asymptomatic

True

How long is this suture?

45 cm

Which avian bones are pneumatic (hollow)?

Femur, some vertebrae, humerus

How is candidiasis diagnosed in birds?

Gram stain of crop or fecal material

Which suture pattern is used in areas of high tension and everts if too tight?

Horizontal mattress

What are wing feathers called?

Regimes

What are developing feathers called? (two names)

Blood Feathers

Pin Feathers

What is the area surrounding the nares of a bird called?

Cere

Which disease has a 27-41% mortality rate in immature psittacines?

Polyomavirus

What are rabbit neutrophils called?

Heterophils

What is rabbit parturition called?

Kindling

True or False: Ringworm is an intestinal parasite see in rabbits that is easily treated with an oral anthelmintic

FALSE! Ringworm is not a parasite, it is a mycotic (fungal) disease. NOT a zoonotic disease!

Consuming night feces is the rabbits’ way of recycling which nutrients? (list 4)

Electrolytes

B Vitamins

Nitrogen

Water

Which components of normal rabbit urine may make it appear cloudy?

Ammonia magnesium phosphate crystals

Calcium carbonate crystals

As a sign of pain, rabbits may display bruxism. What is bruxism?

Tooth Grinding

What is the most commonly used breed of rabbit used in research?

New Zealand White

Mature female rabbits develop a large fold of skin under the chin called a

Dewlap

Which rabbit condition is usually due to poor husbandry practices?

Ulcerative pododermatitis

What is the dental formula for rabbits?

2 (I 2/1, C 0/0, P 3/2, M 3/3)

What is the average lifespan of a rabbit?

5-6 years

What is the term for teeth that are open-rooted and continuously growing?

Hypsodontic

Rabbits are typically fed a commercially available pelleted diet formulated for them. What is the recommended feeding regiment for rabbits?

Pelleted food should be offered one-to-twice daily in measured amounts

What is the room temperature range for housing rabbits in research facilities?

61-72F

What small blood vessel in the rabbit is easily accessible and useful for both blood collection and intravenous injections?

Marginal ear

What is the most common neoplasm of rabbits?

Uterine adenocarcinoma

What are trichobezoars?

Hairballs

What is the most common location of spinal fracture or luxation in rabbits?

L7-S1 junction

What is the causative agent of snuffles in rabbits?

Pasteurella multocida

What is an appropriate treatment for ear mites in rabbits?

Topical ivermectin

How is the myxoma virus transmitted to rabbits?

Arthropod vectors

A rabbit in your facility has not eaten any pellets or hay overnight, but is not showing any outward signs of clinical illness. What is the first thing you should check?

That the water source is functioning properly

Rabbits have a small, second pair of upper incisors which are located behind the first incisors. What are they called?

Peg teeth

What is the average litter size for rabbits?

4-10

What is the recommended relative humidity range for gerbil housing rooms?

30-50%

True or False: When performing an IP injection in a gerbil, the animal should be restrained in a scruff on the backs with their head tilted downwards.

False

A male gerbil presents with dehydration, depression, rough hair coat, and testicular enlargement. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

Salmonellosis

What is the average litter size for gerbils?

3-7

What is the gestation period for nonlactating gerbils?

24-26 days

How many pairs of mammary glands do gerbils have?

Four

A recently weaned gerbil presents with alopecia around the external nares and upper labial region and red-brown moist dermatitis extending over the head and forelimbs. What is this called?

Sore nose

What is the scientific name for gerbils?

Meriones unguiculatus

What is the elliptical structure on the abdomen of a gerbil called?

Ventral sebaceous gland