Culture change and modernization

System of directed change by modern societies

Usually have been based on ethnocentric theories of social evolution

World system theory

Effect of powerful and international corporations

Goals of modernization

Education, technology transfer, and participation in cash economy

Guarani Indians

Deforestation at rapid rates,land and soil not suitable for mono-cropping I raising livestock. Horticulture, hunting and fishing, crop rotation, slash and burn

Apache project 1962

Set up grid system, houses assigned by male head of but not given ownership. Clashed with traditional customs, did not like separate rooms. Door to face East,fireplace in center, live with clusters

pastoralism in Kenya

Forced agriculture in North. People were forced to sell livestock and go into debt, farmers given limited farming training

How many people in Kenya were in famine camps?

80,000 people

Cocaine trade in Bolivia

Coca leaves adapted to high altitudes, number 1 cash crop (70% of GDP), pounding of coca was done with feet,downfall of coca industry would lead to famine

Why does coca grow so well in Bolivia?

6000 ft elevation is perfect for growing it