Ch 10: Independent Practice

Developing or developed: North America

Developing or developed: North America

Developed

Developing or developed: Latin America

Developing

Developing or developed: Europe

Developed

Developing or developed: Southwest Asia & North Africa

Developing

Developing or developed: Sub-Saharan Africa

Developing

Developing or developed: Russia

Developed

Developing or developed: Central Asia

Developing

Developing or developed: South Asia

Developing

Developing or developed: East Asia (China & North Korea)

Developing

Developing or developed: Japan & South Korea

Developed

Developing or developed: Southeast Asia

Developing

Developing or developed: Oceania/South Pacific (Australia & New Zealand)

Developed

Developing or developed: low life expectancy at birth

Developing

Developing or developed: low natural increase rate

Developed

Developing or developed: high crude birth rate

Developing

Developing or developed: low total fertility rate

Developed

Developing or developed: high doubling time

Developed

Developing or developed: high infant mortality rate

Developing

Developing or developed: low maternal mortality rate

Developed

Developing or developed: high adolescent fertility rate

Developing

Developing or developed: high elderly dependency ratio; aging population

Developed

Developing or developed: high youth dependency; young age structure

Developing

Developing or developed: Stage 2 or 3 of the Demographic Transition

Developing

Developing or developed: Stage 4 or 5 of the Demographic Transition

Developed

Human Development Index (things that are true abt it)

• One component is Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, with PPP adjustment.

• One component is Expected Years of Schooling.

• One component is Mean (Average) Years of Schooling.

• One component is Life Expectancy.

• Each of the components are directly correlated; however, they are not perfectly correlated. This means that while one component may be high, the other components may not be equally high as countries may be stronger in certain aspects of development than other aspects.

• It seeks to holistically measure development in terms of access to a decent standard of living, access to knowledge, and potential for a long & healthy life.

Developing or developed: High Gross National Income (GNI) per capita

Developed

Developing or developed: High percentage of people employed in the primary sector

Developing

Developing or developed: High ownership of automobiles per 1,000 persons

Developed

Developing or developed: High average personal income

Developed

Developing or developed: Low Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita

Developing

Developing or developed: Low hourly wages

Developing

Developing or developed: Low percentage of employment in the tertiary sector

Developing

Developing or developed: High productivity (value of production compared to labor)

Developed

Primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary: steel production

Secondary

Primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary: automobile dealership

Tertiary

Primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary: food processing

Secondary

Primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary: automobile assembly

Secondary

Primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary: corn farm

Primary

Primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary: grocery store

Tertiary

Primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary: agricultural chemical and seed research

Quaternary

Primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary: iron ore mine

Primary

Primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary: hair stylist

Tertiary

Primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary: computer analyst

Quaternary

Primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary: petroleum extraction

Primary

Primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary: oil refining

Secondary

Primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary: gas station

Tertiary

Use of economic, political, and cultural pressures to influence or control independent countries, often former dependencies

Neo-colonialism

Concept of a 3-tiered global economy in which wealthy countries enrich themselves by exploiting poorer countries

Immanuel Wallerstein's World System Theory

Notion that countries interaction in a global economy results in poorer countries relying on wealthier countries to fund development as the poorer countries ship raw materials to the wealthier ones

Dependency

Statistical measurement of the inequality of wealth distribution within a country

Gini coefficient

Core, Periphery, or Semi-periphery: Wealthiest, most powerful economically

Core

Core, Periphery, or Semi-periphery: Eastern Europe, Mexico, Brazil, South Africa, China, India, SE Asia, parts of SW Asia

Semi-periphery

Core, Periphery, or Semi-periphery: Source of most foreign investment and major transnational corporations

Core

Core, Periphery, or Semi-periphery: Typically supplies raw materials and cash crops (primary sector) in the global economy

Periphery

Core, Periphery, or Semi-periphery: Of moderate wealth and development, capable of exploiting some countries for resources while being exploited by others for low-cost production, according to Wallerstein

Semi-periphery

Core, Periphery, or Semi-periphery: Destination for many low-cost goods and raw materials produced and extracted from other parts of the World System

Core

Core, Periphery, or Semi-periphery: Typically supplies services (tertiary, quaternary, and quinary sectors) and high-value goods globally

Core

Core, Periphery, or Semi-periphery: Most of Africa, some of Asia and Latin America

Periphery

Core, Periphery, or Semi-periphery: Wallerstein viewed this part as exploiting the other 2 parts of the World System

Core

Core, Periphery, or Semi-periphery: Weakest economically, very little power or influence globally

Periphery

Core, Periphery, or Semi-periphery: U.S., Canada, Western Europe, Japan, Australia

Core

Core, Periphery, or Semi-periphery: Typically provides manufactured goods, often at a low cost with low-wage labor globally

Semi-periphery

Components of Gender Inequality Index (GII)

• Percentage of women with a secondary school education

• Percentage of seats in national legislature held by women

• Adolescent Fertility Rate

• Female Labor Force Participation Rate

• Maternal Mortality Rate

Gender Inequality Index (GII) + things that are false abt it

• Countries with lower HDIs always have higher GIIs, and vice versa.

• The GII is computed using the same data as the HDI.

Rostow Model in order (from earliest to final)

Traditional Society → Pre-Conditions for Takeoff → Takeoff → Drive to Maturity → Age of Mass Consumption

Self-sufficiency or international trade: Enacting protective tariffs and limiting imports

Self-sufficiency

Self-sufficiency or international trade: Emphasizing certain sectors, resources, or economic activities for which the country has a comparative advantage and can export

International trade

Self-sufficiency or international trade: Sheltering and encouraging domestic businesses

Self-sufficiency

Self-sufficiency or international trade: Taking advantage of complementarity to sell goods or resources needed by others and import what others have that the country needs

International trade

Self-sufficiency or international trade: Engaging in deals and organizations to encourage the freer flow of goods, business, and money

International trade

Self-sufficiency or international trade: Producing own goods and extracting own resources for use within the country

Self-sufficiency

Self-sufficiency or international trade: Spreading investment equally throughout the country and across all economic sectors

Self-sufficiency

Self-sufficiency or international trade: Opening country up to foreign business investment and competition

International trade

Self-sufficiency or international trade: Central to the Rostow Model of development

International trade

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: United States

Age of Mass Consumption

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: Ivory Coast (Cote d'Ivoire)

Pre-Conditions for Takeoff

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: Russia

Drive to Maturity

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: Japan

Age of Mass Consumption

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: Germany

Age of Mass Consumption

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: India

Takeoff

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: China

Takeoff

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: Argentina

Drive to Maturity

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: Malaysia

Takeoff

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: United Arab Emirates

Drive to Maturity

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: Mexico

Takeoff

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: Nepal

Pre-Conditions for Takeoff

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: Kenya

Pre-Conditions for Takeoff

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: South Africa

Takeoff

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: Core countries in Wallerstein's World System

Age of Mass Consumption

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: Peripheral countries in Wallerstein's World System

Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: Semi-Peripheral countries in Wallerstein's World System

Takeoff and Drive to Maturity

Takeoff/Takeoff and Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff/Age of Mass Consumption/Drive to Maturity/Pre-Conditions for Takeoff and possibly early Takeoff: Industrializing countries or "newly industrialized countries"

Takeoff and Drive to Maturity

Which countries or territories is considered one of the 4 Asian Dragons (or 4 Asian Tigers) for their rapid development through trade beginning in the 1960s?

South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan

NIKE opened a 200,000 square meter distribution facility in China in 2011. The facility will employ up to 1,500 workers.

foreign direct investment

Kenya produces roughly 400,000 metric tonnes of tea each year and exports over 90% of its production. The U.K. is the destination for about 10% of Kenya's tea, and Kenya is the leading provider of tea to the U.K. Many of the tea plantations are controlled by British companies.

neo-colonialism

FedEx is headquartered in Memphis, TN and has air distribution hubs in cities such as Memphis, Paris, Guangzhou, and Cologne.

transnational corporation

Latvia's economy was booming until the 2008 global economic crisis. Latvia significantly lowered government spending and cut public sector jobs to stabilize the economy.

austerity

A Bangladeshi woman received a $100 loan from BRAC to start a business making and selling hand-made garments.

microfinance

A country spends more money than it budgets in order to create jobs and business.

stimulus

The U.S. imports petroleum from Saudi Arabia, while Saudi Arabia imports aircraft, automobiles, and agricultural products from the U.S.

complementarity