APUSH Chapter 30 Reagan and Bush

Conservatives

These people, alongside religious fundamentalists and PACS, didn’t like liberal programs. They claimed they were undermining family and religious issues. Had a revival with Goldwater.

Proposition 13

In 1978, California voters passed this to cut taxes. Laffers belief that tax cuts would increase government revenue.

Televangelists

Like Robertston and Baker who preached moral decay. Conservatives. Attacked ‘secular humanism’ and started right-to-life movement.

Moral Majority

Founded by Jerry Falwell and wanted to unseat liberal members of Congress. Attacked ‘secular humanism’ and started right-to-life movement. Gave republicans control of senate.

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke in 1978

Challenged affirmative action and admission policies. Ruled that while race is considered, racial quotas on college admissions were unconstitutional (wanted to end preferences based on race).

US Chamber of Commerce

Anti-labor union and lobbied for pro-business legislation. Conservative.

Ronald Reagan

President from 1981-1989. A Republican and a Conservative. Involved in some sketchy schemes but brought economic expansion. Champion of average Americans.

Election of 1980

Reagan won. Him against Carter. Carter had issues with hostages and inflation. Reagan took more than 50% of blue-collar workers.

Reaganomics

AKA supply-side economics and reduced government spending to boost the economy. Opposite of Keynesian economics.

Economic Recovery Act of 1981

A 25% decrease on income taxes. Reaganomics.

Individual Retirement Accounts

Made to help investors without paying taxes on the money. Reaganomics.

1982 recession

Worst recession since the Great Depression. Economy started to rebound in 1983, but income gap widened. Standard of living for the middle class was stagnant or declined.

Sandra Day O’Conner

First woman on Court. Conservative judge appointed by Reagan.

William Rehnquist

New Chief Justive, who scaled back on affirmative action and Roe v. Wade.

Election of 1984

Reagan versus Mondale. Reagan won by a landslide. Only Democrats now were the African Americans and the poor.

Jesse Jackson

Was an African American trying to get nominated for the Election of 1984 who wanted support from minority groups under the National Rainbow Coalition.

Balanced Budget Act 1986

Provided spending cuts. Tried to reduce the deficit since the US was now a debtor nation. Congress was able to reduce the deficit by $66 billion.

Strategic Defense Initiative

Was a part of Reagan. Called ‘star wars’ and wanted to block Soviet missiles. Some said this would only escalate the arms race.

Nicaragua 1979

Marxist movement called the Saninistas overthrew their dictator here. US provides military aid to the contras.

Boland Amendment

In response to the aid to contras and created by Democrats in 1985. Prohibited more aid to the contras.

El Salvador

Reagan sent billions to support this government against leftist guerrillas. Americans didn’t like this because of the deaths inflicted.

Grenada

There was a pro-Cuban regime here. In 1983, Reagan ordered an invasion to prevent communism and it worked.

Iran-contra affair

In 1980, Iran and Iraq were having a war, we sell missiles to Iran to help free American hostages. In 1986, a staff member wanted to use the profits of arms to fund contras. Reagan denied involvement.

Lebanon

In 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon. US sent peacekeeping into Lebanon to prevent civil war. Arab squad bombs Beirut and US Marines. 1984, Reagan pulls out of Lebanon.

George Schultz

Wanted peaceful settlement of Palestinian-Istaeli conflict by setting up homeland for PLO in territory by Israel. Arafat agreed to recognize Israel in 1988.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Leader of USSR in 1985. Wanted to change USSR with glasnost (end political repression) and perestroika (free-market practices). He wanted to end the arms race.

INF agreement

Reagan and Gorbachev agree to this, which detroyed all intermediate range missiles.

Afghanistan

Gorbachev pulled out troops from here, making Cold War tensions better and also put pressure on Iran and Iraq to end their war.

Election of 1988

Democrats regained control of Senate, but Dukakis lost presidency to George H. W. Bush, a Republican. He promised not to raise taxes. Democrats fail to win over white middle-class voters.

Tiananmen Square

Pro-democracy protest in Beijing. TV shows protest being crushed, ending negotiations with China and killing hundreds.

Walesa

1989 Poland, this person overthrew the Communist party. Slowly, other countries follow and Germany was reunited in 1990.

Soviet Baltic republics

They declared their independence in 1990 and Gorbachev eventually had no country to rule over.

Commonwealth of Independent States

Boris Yeltsin, the president of the Russian Republican, joined with other former Soviet republics to create this, promoting free-market economy.

START II 1992

Reducing nuclear weapons and also offered US economic help to the Russian economy.

Yugoslavia

Even after the Cold War, violence like here broke out in former Soviet Union. This started to disintegrate in 1991.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

A civil war broke out here in 1992.

General Manuel Noriega

Autocratic ruler of Panama, US invades in 1989 because he was using Panama as a drug pipeline to the US. US remained until credible government established.

Saddam Hussein

Iraq’s dictator. In 1990, invaded oil Kuwait, threatening oil resources. Bush organized UN members to pressure him away.

Operation Desert Storm

This was what Bush created where several Americans and other nations fought in air strikes and invasions against Iraq and Hussein for Kuwait.

Clarence Thomas

African American. Replaced Marshall a the Supreme Court. He had conservative views on sexual harassment that angered many.

S&Ls

Savings and loans. Would cost taxpayers lots of money.

Taxes

Republicans were angered when Bush went against his promises and created these. Also angered with the 1990 recession.

Americans With Disabilities Act in 1990

Prevented discrimination against individuals with mental or physical disabilities.