chapter 1 quiz/test terms- USH1H

quiz- 9/29/25. test- 10/2/25

what was the Colombian exchange?

a transfer of plants, culture, animals, tech, diseases, and ideas between the Americas and the Afro-Eurasian hemisphere following Christopher Columbus’ 1492 voyage

what was the treaty of tordesillas?

an agreement in 1494 between Spain and Portugal the newly discovered lands of the world outside of Europe into 2 zones of influence

what was the great league of peace and power?

refers to the iroquois confederacy, a powerful political alliance of Native American nations formed by the Mohawk, Oneida, Onodage, Cayuga and Senca

who was Bartolome de Las Casas?

a 16th century spanish clergyman, historian, and missionary who became a fierce critic of Spanish colonialism

who was Richard Hakulyt?

English geographer and writer who aggressively who promoted colonization, argued that colonization would benefit England

who was Sir Walter Raleigh?

an English adventurer, explorer, poet, and courtier who gained prominence under Queen Elizabeth. Sponsored the first English attempts at colonizing North America, establishing the Roanoke colony, also led the search for El Dorado in South America

who was John Smith?

a pivotal English soldier, author, and adventurer who helped establish the first permanent English settlement at Jamestown, VA in 1607

who was Powhatan?

aka Wahunsenacawh, the paramount chief of the powerful Powhatan Confederacy of Algonquian speaking tribes in Tidewater, VA when the English arrived in 1607

who was Opechancanough?

a powerful Powhatan chief who resisted English colonization in colonial VA. led major uprisings vs the English. became chief after the death of his brother, Powhatan

who was Roger Williams?

the founder of Providence, Rhode Island. Opposed unions of church and civil gov’t. supported fair treatment of Native Americans, banished from colony

who was Anne Hutchinson?

she preached that those who possessed of “saving grace”: were exempt from the rule of good behavior. charged by the general court by defaming the clergy and got banished

who was William Penn?

proprietor of PA, English quaker. established PA for religious freedom

who was John Winthrop?

first governor of the Mass. Bay Colony from 1630-1649. led a group of Puritans to New England, established Boston, introduced the concept of “city upon a hill”

what are slave codes?

a collection of laws and legal precedents developed in colonial and antebellum America to regulate the institution of slavery, defined enslaved people as property

who was Nathaniel Bacon?

English colonist who moved to VA, led a rebellion in 1676- Bacon’s Rebellion

what were the Beaver Wars?

a series of 17th century conflicts in North America between the Iroqious Confederacy and various Algonquian speaking tribes who were often allied with the French

who was Metacom?

aka Wampanoag/King Philip. led the King Philips war against the New England settlers

what was the King Philips War?

conflict between English colonists and Native American tribes in New England, led by the Wampanoag leader, Metacom, aka King Philip, to resist colonial encroachment on their lands and authority

what was Bacon’s Rebllion?

an armed uprising in 1676 led by Nathaniel Bacon vs gov. William Berkely in VA, fueled by economic hardship, falling tobacco prices, land, and escalating conflicts

who were the Quakers?

followers of a protestant Christian movement founded in England in the 17th century by George Fox