Lecture 8 joints

What are the 3 types of joints in the body?

FIBROUS, CARTILAGENOUS, SYNOVIAL

list out all of the examples of the fibrous joints

Sutures( seems to occur only between bones of the skull) Syndesmoses( bone connected by ligaments)

Gomphosis ( “peg in socket” or root of tooth placed In a socket)

List out all of the examples of the cartilaginous joints

Synchondroses (hyaline immovable), Symphyses (fibrous cartilage, shock absorber)

describe all of the types of synovial joints

plane/gliding, pivot, saddle, hinge, ellipsoid/condylar joint, ball-and socketsrit

write out the main features of the TMJ

lateral ligament, sphenomandibular ligament, stylomandibular ligament.

Name the ligaments of the shoulder complex

glenohumeral ligament, intervicular ligament

Name the different bursae

of the shoulder joint including subacromial, subdeltoid, and subscapular bursae.

how are the muscle and tendons organized in the shoulder complex

Name all the ligaments of the elbow joints

ulnar collateral ligaments (UCL), radial collateral ligament, annular ligament

What are the common elbow injuries discussed in lecture?

UCL tear, nursemaid’s elbow (this happens kids 1-4)

Name the four ligaments that stabilize the wrist.

Palmar radiocarpal, dorsal radiocarpal, ulnar collateral, radial collateral ligament

Describe all the joints of the hand

carpometacarpal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, intercarpal joints between canals ,interphalangeal joints,

What is the structure classification of FIBROUS

typically immovable, joined by collagen fibers of connective tissue, no joint cavities

What is the structural classification of CARTILAGINOUS

not highly movable, joined by cartilage tissue, no joint cavities

What is the structural classification of SYNOVIAL

freely movable (depending on the design of the joint) have a complex structure, has a joint cavity

OIA

Origin- an attachment it tells you where the muscle starts

Insertion- and attachment it tells you where the muscle ends

Action- what does the muscle do when its muscle fibers cells contract rof

FRONTAL BELLY

This muscle covers the forehead of the skull

There are no bony attachment with this bone

Action- raises the eyebrows, wrinkles forehead skin horizaontally

Occipital belly

This muscle is located on the epicranial aponeurosis and fixes origin of the frontal belly

Action: tenses and retracts the scalp

“Occipital- means base of the skull”

orbicularis oculi

Thin, flat (ring) muscle of eyelid

O-frontal and maxillary bones around orbit

I- on itself and skin around the eye

Action- closes eye (blink)

Lavator labii superioris

the muscle between orbiculars or is and inferior eye margin

Action: elevates upper lip (snarl)

Zygomaticus minor

cheekbone to corner of the mouth

Action- elevates upper lip

Buccinator

thin, horizontal cheek muscle

Action: compresses cheek medially whistling, or sucking)

Orbicularis oris

multilayered muscle of the lip, some fibers run circularly

Action- closes and protrudes lips (as a pucker, kiss, and even whistle)

Mentalis

One of the muscle pairs form a V shape on the chin

Action- protrudes lower lip and wrinkles chin (pout)

Risorius

slender muscles inferior and lateral to zygomaticus

Action- pulls corner of lip laterally, as in smiling

Masseter

O- zygomatic arch and bone

I- angle and ramus of mandible

Action- prime mover of jaw closure, elevates mandible

Temporalis

fan shapes muscle

O- along superior and inferior temporal lines

I- coronoid process of mandible

Action- elevates mandible

Sternocleidomastoid

2 headed muscle

O- manubrium of sternum, medial clavicle

I- mastoid process and lateral part of superior nuchal line

Action- flexes and laterally rotates head

Anterior scalene

O- transverse process (TP) C3- C6

I- 1st rib

Action- flexes and laterally rotates head part of inspiration

MIddle Scalene

O- transverse process (TP) C2-C7

I- 1st rib

Action- flexes and laterally rotates head, part of inspiration

Posterior Scalene

O- transverse process (TP) C5-C7

I- 2nd rib

Action- flexes and laterally rotates head, part of inspiration

Splenius Capitis

O- spinous processes of C7-T4
I- mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral part superior nuchal line
Action- extends and rotates head/neck

Diaphragm

Action- this muscle contracts during inspiration (breathing in) and relaxes during expiration (breathing out)

O- xiphoid process, lower 6 ribs and their cartilage, L1- L3 vertebral bodies

I- fibers coverage on a central tendon within the muscle

External Intercostal

Action- aid in inspiration (breathing in) elevates ribs

Superficial muscles

O- inferior border of each rib

I- Superior border of rib below

Muscles used for breathing

Action- aid in expiration depresses ribs

Deep muscles

O- superior border of each rib I

I- inferior border of rib above

Logissimus thoracis

action- extends vertebral column

O- transverse process of lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum

I- Transverse process of thoracic vertebrae, posterior surface of lower 10 ribs uq

quadratus lumborum

Action- laterally flex vertebral column

O- posterior margin of iliac crest

I- 12th rib, transverse process of L1- L-4 vertebrae

Recuts Abdominal

Flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column

O- superior surface of pubic bones near symphysis

I- Xiphoid process of sternum, inferior surface of rib 5-7 cartilage

External Oblique

Action- flex torso and compress abdominal wall

O- External inferior border of ribs 5-12

I- external oblique aponeuroses (CT between linea alba and iliac crest)

Internal Oblique

Flex torso and compress abdominal wall

O- thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament and iliac crest

I - inferior surfaces of ribs 9-12, costal cartilages, linea alba, and pubic bones

Transversus abdominals

Action- Compress abdominal contents

O- cartilage of ribs 7-12, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia

I- Linea alba (connective tissue between recuts muscles) and pubic bones