lit prose/poetry test

narrative

long story told in verse form

ex) an epic

Lyric

a brief, personal poem that is especially musical

uses sound devices, rhythm, meter; filled with emotion

ex) sonnets, odes, elegies

Ballad

a type of poem that is actually meant to bes ung and is both lyric and narrative in nature

simile

2 dissimilar things that are compared using words such as "like", "as", "than", or "resembles"

metaphor

two dissimilar things are compared without using words such as like, as than, or resembles

can be direct (uses "is), indirect, or extended

personification

giving human or animate qualities to nonhuman or inanimate things

apostrophe

addressing something nonhuman as if it were human

literary allusion

A reference to a person, place, or thing from previous literature

hyperbole

using exaggeration for emphasis, not to be taken literally; overstatement

verbal irony

meaning the opposite of what is said

dramatic irony

when a reader is aware of something that a character isn't

situational irony

when something happens opposite of the readers expectations

antithesis

the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in parallel grammatical structures; balancing or contrasting one thing against another for affect

synecdoche

using a part of something to represent the whole thing

metonmy

The substitution of one word for another closely associated word

paradox

the apparent contradiction which proves, upon examination, to be true; a situation or statement that seems like it does not make sense, but somehow, when you think about it, it does

symbol

something concrete used to represent something abstract

alliteration

the repetition of the initial consonant sound in 2 or more words in a line of verse

consonance

the repetition of consonant sounds that are NOT at the beginning of words in a line of verse (may be middle/end)

assonance

the similarity or repetition of vowel sounds in two or more words with different consonant sounds

onomatopoeia

the use of words that imitate the sounds they define

repetition

repeating a word or phrase within a poem

refrain

the repetition of one or more phrases or lines at definite intervals in a poem, usually at the end of a stanza

stanza

a group of consecutive lines in a poem that form a single unit

internal rhyme

rhyme between words that occurs within a single line of poetry

rhythm

the pattern of stressed (/) and unstressed (u) syllables in words in a line of poetry

iambic food

u/u/u/u/

2 syllable foot with the stress on the second syllable

trohaic foot

/u/u/u/u

2 syllable foot with the stress on the first syllable

spondaic foot

//////

2 stressed syllables

pyrric foot

uuuuu

2 unstressed syllables

anapestic foot

uu/ uu/ uu/

3 syllables with the stress on the last syllable

dactylic foot

/uu /uu /uu

3 syllables with the stress on the first syllable

rhymed verse

has a verse with end rhyme and regular meter

blank verse

consists of unrhymed iambic pentameter

free verse

lines of poetry that do not have a regular rhythm and do not rhyme

foot

unit of meter; 2 or 3 syllables

Momometer, dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter, heptameter, octameter

exposition

plot point where background info is given on characters, setting, and other events

complication/rising action

the conflict is developed, suspense created, foreshadowing sometimes used

conflict

interplay between opposing elements

protagonist vs self
protagonist vs other
protagonist vs environment

technical climax

the turning point in the plot at which the outcome of the action is determined; often, the protagonist changes or has an opportunity to change at this point but doesn't

resolution/falling action

events following the tech climax where the outcome is worked out

conclusion

final event of a story's plot

dramatic climax

point of greatest intensity/interest in the story

setting

represented time and place of events in a literary work

expository characterization

telling the reader about a character in a straightforward and direct manner

dramatic characterization

showing the reader what a character is like through descriptions of through, dialouge, action, etc

motivation

reasons that cause characters to act the way they do

protagonist

the central character in a work of fiction about whom the audience is most concerned

Antagonist

the principal opponent of the main character

round character

a character who is well described and whose thoughts and actions are revealed during the development of the story

flat character

a character who is not well developed in a story, but who represents a type rather than an individual

dynamic character

a character who grows, learns, or changes in some significant way throughout the story

static character

a character who resists change or refuses to change during the story

foil character

a character that contrasts in some important way with a more important character

consistent character

a character whose speech, thoughts, and actions are what the reader has been lead to expect from that particular character

stock character

a type of character that is usually found in a particular literary form

ex) beautiful heroine and strong hero in romance novels

stereotyped character

a character created according to widely held often narrow minded ideas (the jock, the nerd, etc)

first person POV

narrator is a character in the story

3rd person objective pOV

the narrator is not a character in the story and reports only what can be seen and heard

3rd person limited omniscient

the narrator is not a character in the story and reports not only what can be seen and heard, but also the thoughts and feelings of a few characters

3rd person omniscient pov

the narrator is not a character in the story and reports what can be seen and heard, along with the thoughts and feelings of ALL the characters

theme

controlling idea of a literary work that is a general truth or commentary about life, people, the world that is brought out in the story.

atmosphere

describes the general feeling of the story itself

mood

describes the readers state of mind while finishing the story

tone

author or speaker's attitude towards characters, events, the audience