Law 1

What is the primary purpose of law in society?

To preserve order and resolve conflicts.

What are the two components of law?

A body of information and a system using that information.

What is a key conflict in pharmacy law?

The conflict between public good and individual freedom.

Who are the primary stakeholders in pharmacy law?

Patients, healthcare professionals, third-party payers, and pharmacists.

What is the central question regarding government intervention in drug therapy?

How far should government go to protect people from the consequences of their own choices in drug therapy?

What does pharmacy law encompass?

Information about drugs, their distribution, storage, and therapy.

What responsibilities does pharmacy law assign?

Responsibilities for pharmacists and others involved in medication use.

What is the goal of pharmacy law?

To protect patients from harm and ensure the safe and effective use of medications.

What is the role of legislatures and administrative agencies in pharmacy law?

To assure responsibilities are met and hold parties accountable.

What happens if a justification for actions taken is unacceptable?

Liability will be imposed.

What is the structure of US pharmacy law?

It includes state and federal constitutions, statutes, regulations, and court decisions.

What must pharmacists do if state and federal laws conflict?

Comply with the most restrictive law.

What is the function of the United States Congress in pharmacy law?

To make laws and rules (statutes and acts) for pharmacists.

What is the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA)?

A federal law that regulates the safety and efficacy of drugs.

What is the Texas Pharmacy Act?

A state law that governs pharmacy practice in Texas.

What is the role of the FDA?

To make detailed rules and regulations for pharmacists.

What does the Texas State Board of Pharmacy do?

Enforces the rules and regulations made by the legislature.

What is the Texas Dangerous Drug Act?

A law that regulates the use of dangerous drugs in Texas.

What is the Texas Controlled Substances Act?

A law that regulates controlled substances in Texas.

What is the Texas Health and Safety Code?

A code that includes regulations for health and safety in Texas.

What is the Texas Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?

A law that regulates food, drugs, and cosmetics in Texas.

What are the Texas Pharmacy Rules?

Detailed regulations adopted by the Texas State Board of Pharmacy to implement broader statutes.

What are morals?

Personal beliefs about right and wrong.

What is ethics?

Standards that govern behavior within a group or society.

What is law?

A system of rules enforced by institutions.

What is the source of morals?

Culture, religion, upbringing, and conscience.

What is the source of ethics?

Professional codes, philosophy, and social norms.

What is the source of law?

Government and legal bodies.

How are morals enforced?

By individual conscience; informal.

How are ethics enforced?

By professional bodies or social pressure.

What is the purpose of morals?

To guide personal choices and actions.

What is the purpose of ethics?

To guide conduct and promote integrity in professions/groups.

What is the purpose of law?

To maintain order, protect rights, and resolve conflicts.

How flexible are morals?

Highly subjective and personal.

How flexible are ethics?

Adaptable to societal or professional changes.

How flexible is law?

Usually rigid, can take time to change.

What are the consequences of breaching morals?

Guilt, societal disapproval, loss of self-respect.

What are the consequences of breaching ethics?

Censure, loss of job/status, professional penalties.

What are the consequences of breaching law?

Legal punishment (fines, jail, etc.).

What is the scope of morals?

Specific to individuals or cultures.

What is the scope of ethics?

Specific to groups, professions, or philosophies.

What is the scope of law?

Applies to everyone under jurisdiction.

Give an example of a moral principle.

Honesty, kindness, fidelity.

Give an example of an ethical principle in pharmacy.

Pharmacy ethics, medical ethics, journalism standards.

Give an example of a law.

Speeding laws, tax codes, contracts.

What is utilitarianism in ethical theory?

The best action yields the best outcomes for all concerned parties.

What is deontology in ethical theory?

Following absolute rules that must be adhered to for the best outcomes.

What is social contract theory?

Rational beings agree for an ideal decision-making process.

What is virtue theory?

Focusing on the character of individuals or organizations to guide ethical decisions.

What is the principle of beneficence?

Doing good by preventing bad, removing evil, and promoting good.

What is the principle of nonmaleficence?

Doing no harm.

What is the principle of autonomy?

Respecting individuals' rights to self-determination.

What is the principle of justice in ethics?

Fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment of persons.

What is distributive justice?

Distribution of healthcare resources based on justified norms.

What is the first step in ethical problem-solving?

Clarify facts (gather information).

What is the Hippocratic Oath?

An ancient ethical guideline for medical professionals.

What is the Nuremberg Code?

Ethical research principles for human experimentation established in 1947.

What is the Declaration of Helsinki?

Ethical research principles for human experimentation established in 1964.