Workbook chapter 6

spirochete

bacteria capable of movement

Streptococci

chain-forming bacteria

Staphylococci

Cluster-forming bacteria

Viruses

live only by invading cells

Parasites

live within other organisms

The ___ has/have a hemolytic function

spleen

The term ____ means not life-threatening

benign

The medical term for the condition commonly know as shingles is...

herpes zoster

Protein that activate the immune system, fight viruses by slowing or stoping their multiplication, and signal other cells to increase their defenses are known as....

interferons

The ____ plays specialized roles in both the lymphatic and immune systems.

thymus

The protective ring of lymphoid tissue around the back of the nose and upper throat is formed by the ___

tonsils

Secondary ____ can be caused by cancer treatments, burns, or injuries

lymphedema

Fats that cannot be transported by the bloodstream are absorbed by the ____ that are located in the villi that line the small intestine.

lacteals

The parasite __ is most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated animal feces.

toxoplasmosis

A ____ is a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells.

macrophage

This type of cell also removes dead cells and stimulates the action of other immune cells.

macrophage

lymph nodes

filter harmful substances from lymph cells

vermiform appendix

lymphoid tissue hanging from the lower portion of the cecum

complement system cells

cells combine with antibodies to ward off pathogens

spleen

store extra erythrocytes

intact skin

wraps the body in a physical barrier

The ____ act as intracellular signals to begin the immune response

cytokines

A ____ drug is a medication that kills or damage cells

cytotoxic

The ___ develop from B cells and secrete large bodies of antibodies coded 10 destroy specific antigens.

plasma

The antibody therapy known as _____ is used to treat multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, and some cancers.

synthetic interferon

Infectious mononucleosis is caused by a ...

virus

sarcoma

is a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue.

adenoids

known as the nasopharyngeal tonsils, are located in the nasopharynx.

Lymphoscintigraphy

is a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lym- phatic vessels.

malignant

means becoming progressively worse and life-threatening.

Varicella

commonly known as chickenpox.

angiogenesis

the process through which a tumor supports its growth by creating its own blood supply.

Kaposi's sarcoma

An opportunistic infection that is frequently associated with HIV

Malaria is caused by a ___ that is transferred to humans by the bite of an

infected mosquito.

parasite

Bacilli, which are rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria, cause ___

anthrax

Swelling of the parotid glands is a symptom of...

mumps

anaphylaxis

A severe systemic reaction to an allergen causing serious symptoms that develop very quickly

In _____, radioactive materials are implanted into the tissues to be treated.

bracytherapy

When testing for HIV, a/an ___ test produces more accurate results than

the ELISA test.

Western blot

lymphangioma

a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels.

After primary cancer treatments have been completed,

is used, ____ decrease the chances that the cancer will recur.

adjuvant therapy

Inflammatory breast cancer

a rare but very aggressive form of breast cancer.

Reed-Sternberg cells

present in Hodgkin's lymphoma.

needle breast biopsy

a technique in which an x-ray guided needle is used to remove small samples of tissue from the breast

antibiotic-resistant

bacterium that is resistant to antibiotics

immunosuppressant

a substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response

rubella

German measles, passed to unborns

antihistamine

a drug that blocks the effects of histamine in the body

West Nile virus

spread to humans through the bite of an infected

mosquito. The more severe variety spreads to the spinal cord and brain.

sarcoma

a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard, soft, and liquid tissues.

antiviral

treat viral infections or to provide temporary immunity.

What are B cells?

Specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies.

What do B cells produce?

Antibodies.

What is unique about each B cell?

Each lymphocyte makes a specific antibody that is capable of destroying a specific antigen.

What is an autoimmune disorder?

A disease characterized by the immune system producing antibodies against its own tissues.

What characterizes autoimmune disorders?

The immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues.

where is the inguinal lymph nodes?

in the groin.

adenocarcinoma

one of a large group of carcinomas derived from glandular tissue.

cytotoxic

drug is used either as an immunosuppressant or as an antineoplastic.