Institutionalisation: Romanian Orphan Studies

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7 Terms

1

What is Institutionalisation?

The effects of living in an institutional setting like a hospital or orphanage.

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2

Rutter’s Romanian Orphan Study

  • 165 orphans adopted by British families

  • Orphans adopted before 6 months, between 6 months and 2 years, and after 2 years

  • Physical, cognitive and emotional development assessed at ages 4,6,11,15,22

  • Control group of British adoptees

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3

Rutter’s Findings

  • At first all adoptees showed delayed development and malnourishment

  • At age 11 those adopted before 6 months had a higher IQ (mean 102) than those adopted after 6 months (86) and 2 years (77)

  • Those adopted before 6 months were intellectually on par with the control group by age 4

  • Differences remained as children grew

  • Children adopted after 6 months showed disinhibited attachment

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4

Zeanah’s Research

  • 95 Romanian children who had lived in care

  • Ages 12-31 months

  • Control group of 50 non-institutionalised children

  • Attachment type measured with Strange Situation

  • Carers asked about unusual social behaviour

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5

Zeanah’s Findings

  • 74% of control group were securely attached

  • 19% of institutionalised children were securely attached

  • 44% of institutionalised children sowed disinhibited attachment compared to 20% of control group

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6

Strengths

  • Real-world Applications - effects of institutional care understood and can lead to improvements in care

  • No confounding variables - children had not experienced additional trauma like death or war

  • Longitudinal data - richer, detailed data

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7

Limitations

  • Confounding variables - these studies may show effects of poor institutional care rather than just institutional care

  • Lack of adult data - data does not show effects on further adult development and the persistence of the effects of institutionalisation

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