[6] User Interface Development

Framework

What is a well-defined environment that exposes toolkits, functions or algorithms that can be used to develop new applications?

(1) app creation

(2) building executable app version

(3) mechanism to deploy/run app

Framework contains specific structure for:

(1) […]

(2) […]

(3) […]

Development platform + Software development platform

What terms are used to describe frameworks?

Toolkit

What is a library of precomposed UI objects and predefined set of events or routines that are composed from the lower level UI software layer?

handling events

Which system details the UI toolkit abstracts or hides that makes programming easier and more convenient while creating user-friendly interfaces?

Widgets

The UI objects often take the form of a manipulable graphical object which is called?

Widget

What is an essential part of a graphical user interface (GUI) that displays information or provides a specific way for users to interact with the operating system or application?

F I M W I B S

TB PI O-OC SB TB

Widgets include:

large (or complex) applications

The UI toolkit is structured to support what?

UI toolkit design

What assumes that individual events or routines will support the major functions of an application?

main routine

In UI toolkit, what consists of small decision kits that make the appropriate calls of the other routines?

window library

What does UI toolkit creates when processing the codes which routines and programs also interact with?

standalone

integrated in a framework

Some toolkits are […], while some are already […].

(1) Android UI Execution F&T

(2) iOS UIKit F&T

(3) Other UI F&T

(4) Java Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT)

What are examples of UI Framework and Toolkit?

Java

Where does the user programming environment and execution mode for Android is based on?

Linux

Even though the user programming environment and execution mode for Android is based on Java; when it comes to low level, its OS is derived from what?

Java AWT

The Android event-processing model and programming toolkit structure are mostly the same as […], except for some processes in the Android UI toolkit.

Application Program Interfaces (APIs)

Since some Android UI toolkit’s processes are the same as Java AWT, the framework and features of the Android OS is available through […] written in Java.

• View System (rich + extensible)

• Notification Manager

• Activity Manager

• Resource Manager

• Content Provider

According to Android’s developers’ website, Android OS’ framework provides:

View System

What is used in building an application’s UI?

Notification Manager

Which enables all applications to display custom alters in the status bar?

Activity Manager

Which manages the lifecycle of applications?

Resource Manager

Which provides access to non-code resources such as localized strings, graphics, and layout files?

Content Provider

Which enables applications to accress data from other applications?

touch + button input

Events in Android can take various forms which are usually generated in response to bare and raw external actions, such as […] and […].

Multiple or composite higher-level events

Which may be internally recognized and generated, such as touch gestures (e.g., flick and swipe) and virtual keyboard inputs?

queue

The Android framework maintains an event […] into which events are placed as they occur.

FIFO

Since Android framework maintains an event queue—the events are removed from the queue on a which basis?

(1) Multi-touch

(2) Motion

(3) Remote control

What are three major types of discrete events for iOS?

iOS UIKit F&T

—; (2.1) interface implementation

—; (2.2) event handling infrastructure (deliver inputs such as multi-touch)

—; (2.3) main run loop need to manage interactions

Based on Apple Inc.’s developers’ website—the […] provides the required infrastructure:

(1) for iOS or tvOS apps and;

(2) provides the window and view architecture for:

—; (2.1) […]

—; (2.2) […]

—; (2.3) […]

1. Accessibility Support

2. Animation Support

3. App Extension Support

4. Document Support

5. Drawing and Printing Support

6. Info about current device

7. Resource Management

8. Search Support

9. Text Management and Display

Other features that are offered by the iOS UIKit framework include:

views

UIEvent objects

In general, iOS generates low-level events when users touch “[…]” of an application. Then, the application sends these discrete events as […], as defined by the UIKit framework to the view on which the touch occurred.

flicks and swipes

In iOS, the “view” analyzes the touch event and responds to it, where touch events can be combined to represent higher-level gestures such as […] and […].

Core Motion framework

What separate framework is used for continuous streams of sensor data such as those from accelerometers and gyroscopes (devices to stabilize, guide, measure rotational movement)?

iOS —> app —> view

The Core Motion framework’s process and iOS’ mechanism is the same in the sense that sensor data, abstract event, or recognized event is conveyed from […] to the […] and then to the particular […] depending on the structure of the application’s user interface.

subscription

free

There are numerous frameworks and toolkits available on the Internet. Some require […], but most frameworks and toolkits are downloadable for […].

1.0 Web UI Frameworks

—; 1.1 JavaServer Faces (JSF)

—; 1.2 Struts

—; 1.3 Wicket

2.0 Mobile UI Kits (iOS + Android)

—; 2.1 Spool UI Kit

—; 2.2 Travel UI Kit

—; 2.3 Splash UI Kit

Under Other UI Frameworks and Toolkits:

1.0 […]

—; 1.1 […]

—; 1.2 […]

—; 1.3 […]

2.0 […]

—; 2.1 […]

—; 2.2 […]

—; 2.3 […]

JavaServer Face (JSF)

What is supported by Oracle, this framework comes with in-depth and complex documentation features and plays an important part in the Java Enterprise Edition?

Struts

This is an open-source framework that is used to create elegant, aesthetically pleasing Java applications.

Struts

The functions of this framework are based on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) approach.

Struts

This is made for fast development and testing but is not flexible due to a set of coding and designing rules integrated into the framework.

Wicket

Supported by Apache Software Foundation, this is a lightweight Web framework built for designing simple but elegant applications in a component-based language that is useful and responsive.

Wicket

HTML can be easily integrated into this framework.

Spool UI Kit

This is a free mobile toolkit designed by Sergey Melnik that contains six (6) screen designs in Photoshop Document (PSD) format.

Travel UI Kit

This is a free mobile toolkit designed by Ena Bacanovic that contains 50 different screen designs in Sketch format.

Splash UI Kit

Powered by Envato Elements Pty Ltd., this is one of the best toolkits in creating iOS mobile application. This contains more than 55 high-quality, ready to use screens.

abstract window toolkit (AWT)

As an object-oriented language, Java offers a library of object classes called the?

(1) 2D UI

(2) graphical objects

Java Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) includes useful classes for creating:

(1) […]

(2) […]

AWTEvents

Java AWT is also a part of the UI execution framework for Java that handles a large subset of interaction events called […].

EventObjects

AWTEvents are descendants of […] which cover most of the useful UI events, such as mouse click and keyboard input.

(1) native UI components

(2) robust event-handling model

(3) graphics + imaging tools

(4) data transfer classes < cut-and-paste > thru native platform clipboard

(5) layout managers < flexible window layouts, not dependent >

According to Oracle, AWT supports GUI programming with the following features:

(1) […]

(2) […]

(3) […]

(4) […]

(5) […]